Lifetime grain consumption and breast cancer risk.
Maryam S. Farvid,Eunyoung Cho,Eunyoung Cho,A. Heather Eliassen,A. Heather Eliassen,Wendy Y. Chen,Wendy Y. Chen,Walter C. Willett,Walter C. Willett +8 more
TLDR
It is suggested that high whole grain food intake may be associated with lower breast cancer risk before menopause and Fiber in whole grain foods may mediate the association with whole grains.Abstract:
We evaluated individual grain-containing foods and whole and refined grain intake during adolescence, early adulthood, and premenopausal years in relation to breast cancer risk in the Nurses’ Health Study II. Grain-containing food intakes were reported on a baseline dietary questionnaire (1991) and every 4 years thereafter. Among 90,516 premenopausal women aged 27–44 years, we prospectively identified 3235 invasive breast cancer cases during follow-up to 2013. 44,263 women reported their diet during high school, and from 1998 to 2013, 1347 breast cancer cases were identified among these women. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95 % confidence intervals (95 % CI) of breast cancer for individual, whole and refined grain foods. After adjusting for known breast cancer risk factors, adult intake of whole grain foods was associated with lower premenopausal breast cancer risk (highest vs. lowest quintile: RR 0.82; 95 % CI 0.70–0.97; P
trend = 0.03), but not postmenopausal breast cancer. This association was no longer significant after further adjustment for fiber intake. The average of adolescent and early adulthood whole grain food intake was suggestively associated with lower premenopausal breast cancer risk (highest vs lowest quintile: RR 0.74; 95 % CI 0.56–0.99; P
trend = 0.09). Total refined grain food intake was not associated with risk of breast cancer. Most individual grain-containing foods were not associated with breast cancer risk. The exceptions were adult brown rice which was associated with lower risk of overall and premenopausal breast cancer (for each 2 servings/week: RR 0.94; 95 % CI 0.89–0.99 and RR 0.91; 95 % CI 0.85–0.99, respectively) and adult white bread intake which was associated with increased overall breast cancer risk (for each 2 servings/week: RR 1.02; 95 % CI 1.01–1.04), as well as breast cancer before and after menopause. Further, pasta intake was inversely associated with overall breast cancer risk. Our results suggest that high whole grain food intake may be associated with lower breast cancer risk before menopause. Fiber in whole grain foods may mediate the association with whole grains.read more
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Plant Foods, Antioxidant Biomarkers, and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, and Mortality: A Review of the Evidence.
Dagfinn Aune,Dagfinn Aune +1 more
TL;DR: The results strongly support dietary recommendations to increase intake of plant foods, and suggest optimal intakes for chronic disease prevention may be ∼800 g/d for intakes of fruits and vegetables, 225 g /d for whole grains, and 15-20 g/D for nuts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whole Grains, Refined Grains, and Cancer Risk: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies
TL;DR: Overall, meta-analyses of cohort and case-control studies consistently demonstrate that whole grain intake is associated with lower risk of total and site-specific cancer, and support current dietary recommendations to increase whole grain consumption.
Journal ArticleDOI
Associations of cereal grains intake with cardiovascular disease and mortality across 21 countries in Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology study: prospective cohort study
Sumathi Swaminathan,Mahshid Dehghan,John Michael Raj,Tinku Thomas,Sumathy Rangarajan,David J.A. Jenkins,Prem Mony,Viswanathan Mohan,Scott A. Lear,Alvaro Avezum,Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo,Annika Rosengren,Annika Rosengren,Fernando Lanas,Khalid F. AlHabib,Antonio L. Dans,Mirac Vural Keskinler,Thandi Puoane,Biju Soman,Li Wei,Katarzyna Zatońska,Rafael Diaz,Noor Hassim Ismail,Jephat Chifamba,Roya Kelishadi,Afzalhussein Yusufali,Rasha Khatib,Liu Xiaoyun,Hu Bo,Romaina Iqbal,Rita Yusuf,Karen Yeates,Karen Yeates,Koon K. Teo,Salim Yusuf +34 more
TL;DR: The authors evaluated the association between intakes of refined grains, whole grains, and white rice with cardiovascular disease, total mortality, blood lipids, and blood pressure in the Prospective Urban and Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study in 21 countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association between whole grain intake and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Yunjun Xiao,Yuebin Ke,Shuang Wu,Suli Huang,Siguo Li,Ziquan Lv,Eng-Kiong Yeoh,Xiang Qian Lao,Samuel Y. S. Wong,Jean H. Kim,Graham A. Colditz,Rulla M. Tamimi,Rulla M. Tamimi,Xuefen Su +13 more
TL;DR: Results of the current meta-analysis suggest that high intake of whole grains might be inversely associated with a reduced risk of breast cancer, and the inverse association was only observed in case-control but not cohort studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Whole Grain Consumption for the Prevention and Treatment of Breast Cancer.
TL;DR: To better understand the value of whole grains in future prevention and treatment of breast cancer, the effects and possible mechanisms of six different whole grain cereals are introduced in the current review.
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