LPWAN Technologies: Emerging Application Characteristics, Requirements, and Design Considerations
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TLDR
The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented and these include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT, and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others.Abstract:
Low power wide area network (LPWAN) is a promising solution for long range and low power Internet of Things (IoT) and machine to machine (M2M) communication applications. This paper focuses on defining a systematic and powerful approach of identifying the key characteristics of such applications, translating them into explicit requirements, and then deriving the associated design considerations. LPWANs are resource-constrained networks and are primarily characterized by long battery life operation, extended coverage, high capacity, and low device and deployment costs. These characteristics translate into a key set of requirements including M2M traffic management, massive capacity, energy efficiency, low power operations, extended coverage, security, and interworking. The set of corresponding design considerations is identified in terms of two categories, desired or expected ones and enhanced ones, which reflect the wide range of characteristics associated with LPWAN-based applications. Prominent design constructs include admission and user traffic management, interference management, energy saving modes of operation, lightweight media access control (MAC) protocols, accurate location identification, security coverage techniques, and flexible software re-configurability. Topological and architectural options for interconnecting LPWAN entities are discussed. The major proprietary and standards-based LPWAN technology solutions available in the marketplace are presented. These include Sigfox, LoRaWAN, Narrowband IoT (NB-IoT), and long term evolution (LTE)-M, among others. The relevance of upcoming cellular 5G technology and its complementary relationship with LPWAN technology are also discussed.read more
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References
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Low Power Wide Area Networks: An Overview
TL;DR: The design goals and the techniques, which different LPWA technologies exploit to offer wide-area coverage to low-power devices at the expense of low data rates are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Understanding the Limits of LoRaWAN
Ferran Adelantado,Xavier Vilajosana,Pere Tuset-Peiró,Borja Martinez,Joan Melià-Seguí,Thomas Watteyne +5 more
TL;DR: An impartial and fair overview of the capabilities and limitations of LoRaWAN is provided, which are discussed in the context of use cases, and list open research and development questions.
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A comparative study of LPWAN technologies for large-scale IoT deployment
TL;DR: It is shown that Sigfox and LoRa are advantageous in terms of battery lifetime, capacity, and cost, and NB-IoT offers benefits interms of latency and quality of service.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Survey on 5G Networks for the Internet of Things: Communication Technologies and Challenges
TL;DR: A comprehensive review related to emerging and enabling technologies with main focus on 5G mobile networks that is envisaged to support the exponential traffic growth for enabling the IoT.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: the rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios
TL;DR: This article introduces a new type of wireless connectivity, characterized by low-rate, long-range transmission technologies in the unlicensed sub-gigahertz frequency bands, used to realize access networks with star topology referred to as low-power WANs (LPWANs).