Open AccessJournal Article
Mammary gland development and cancer.
TLDR
The extensive research currently being done in molecular biology and pathology, cancer genomics and proteomics will hopefully contribute to further elucidation of all the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development, differentiation, and involution of the mammary gland and this may give insight into the etiopathogenesis, early detection, treatment, and potential prevention of breast cancer.Abstract:
The mammary gland is a complex organ that begins development early in gestation and constantly changes in size, shape and function from the time of puberty to menopause. The earliest stages of embryogenesis appear to be independent of steroid hormones, whereas after the 15th week breast structure is largely influenced by a variety of hormones. In most females, further breast development begins at puberty under the influence of cyclical estrogen and progesterone secretion. This process may continue into the 20s and it is enhanced by pregnancy. Growth and transcription factors contribute to the reciprocal stromal-epithelial interactions in growth, development and tumorogenesis of the mammary gland. From the embryological point of view the morphology of both mammary ductal and lobular cells results from the same developmental process. Numerous data suggest the existence of self-renewing, pluripotent mammary stem cells but their molecular characteristics and differentiation pathways are unknown. The extensive research currently being done in molecular biology and pathology, cancer genomics and proteomics will hopefully contribute to further elucidation of all the genetic and environmental factors involved in the development, differentiation, and involution of the mammary gland and this may give insight into the etiopathogenesis, early detection, treatment, and potential prevention of breast cancer.read more
Citations
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Breast Milk, a Source of Beneficial Microbes and Associated Benefits for Infant Health.
Katriona Lyons,Katriona Lyons,C. Anthony Ryan,Eugene M. Dempsey,R. Paul Ross,Catherine Stanton,Catherine Stanton +6 more
TL;DR: This review aims to discuss mammary gland development in preparation for lactation as well as explore the microbial composition and origins of the human milk microbiota with a focus on probiotic development.
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Development of the human breast.
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Terminal Duct Lobular Unit Involution of the Normal Breast: Implications for Breast Cancer Etiology
Jonine D. Figueroa,Ruth M. Pfeiffer,Deesha A. Patel,Laura Linville,Louise A. Brinton,Gretchen L. Gierach,Xiaohong R. Yang,Daphne Papathomas,Daniel W. Visscher,Carolyn Mies,Amy C. Degnim,William F. Anderson,Stephen M. Hewitt,Zeina G. Khodr,Susan E. Clare,Anna Maria Storniolo,Mark E. Sherman +16 more
TL;DR: Morphometric analysis of TDLU involution warrants further evaluation to understand the pathogenesis of breast cancer and assessing its role as a progression marker for women with benign biopsies or as an intermediate endpoint in prevention studies.
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Exploring the Underlying Hormonal Mechanisms of Prenatal Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Review and Commentary
TL;DR: Investigations should explore the possibility that in utero exposures may not act directly on the breast, but may alter other physiologic pathways such as hormone metabolism that have their effect on risk later in life, and seek to broaden the range of hormones, growth, and other endocrine factors that are evaluated in uterno.
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Estrogen-mediated inactivation of FOXO3a by the G protein-coupled estrogen receptor GPER.
Erin Zekas,Eric R. Prossnitz +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that non-genomic signaling by GPER contributes, at least in part, to the survival of breast cancer cells, particularly in the presence of ER-targeted therapies involving SERMs and SERDs.
References
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Book
Rosen's Breast Pathology
TL;DR: Preface Preface to The First Edition Acknowledgments Introduction Anatomy and Physiological Morphology Abnormalities of Mammary Growth and Development Inflammatory and Reactive Tumors Specific Infections Papilloma and Related Benign Tumours Myoepithelial Neoplasms Adenosis and Microglandular Adenosis Fibroepithetical Neoplasm Ductal Hyperplasia.
Journal ArticleDOI
Multiple hormone interactions in the developmental biology of the mammary gland.
Y J Topper,C S Freeman +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Stromal Effects on Mammary Gland Development and Breast Cancer
Bryony S. Wiseman,Zena Werb +1 more
TL;DR: To find cures for diseases like breast cancer that rely on epithelial-stromal crosstalk, it must understand how these different cell types communicate with each other.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hormonal regulation of mammary differentiation and milk secretion.
TL;DR: Because a full-term pregnancy in early life is associated with a reduction in breast carcinogenesis, an understanding of the mechanisms by which these hormones bring about secretory differentiation may offer clues to the prevention of breast cancer.
Journal ArticleDOI
An entire functional mammary gland may comprise the progeny from a single cell
Edith C. Kordon,Gilbert H. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: This study provides evidence that single multipotent stem cells positioned throughout the mature fully developed mammary gland have the capacity to produce sufficient differentiated progeny to recapitulate an entire functional gland.