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Journal ArticleDOI

Materials for next-generation desalination and water purification membranes

TLDR
In this article, molecular-level design approaches for membrane materials, focusing on how these materials address the urgent requirements of water treatment applications, are reviewed for water scarcity and the pollution of aquatic environments.
Abstract
Membranes have an increasingly important role in alleviating water scarcity and the pollution of aquatic environments. Promising molecular-level design approaches are reviewed for membrane materials, focusing on how these materials address the urgent requirements of water treatment applications.

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Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI

Maximizing the right stuff: The trade-off between membrane permeability and selectivity

TL;DR: The permeability/selectivity trade-off is discussed, similarities and differences between synthetic and biological membranes are highlighted, challenges for existing membranes are described, and fruitful areas of future research are identified.
Journal ArticleDOI

Tunable sieving of ions using graphene oxide membranes

TL;DR: A simple scalable method is demonstrated to obtain graphene-based membranes with limited swelling, which exhibit 97% rejection for NaCl and decrease exponentially with decreasing sieve size, but water transport is weakly affected.
Journal ArticleDOI

Antifouling membranes for sustainable water purification: strategies and mechanisms

TL;DR: This review will first introduce the major foulants and the principal mechanisms of membrane fouling, and then highlight the development, current status and future prospects of antifouling membranes, including ant ifouling strategies, preparation techniques and practical applications.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sustainable technologies for water purification from heavy metals: review and analysis

TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art of available technologies for water purification are reviewed and their field of application for heavy metal ion removal is discussed, as heavy metal ions are the most harmful and widespread contaminants.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fouling in membrane bioreactors: An updated review

TL;DR: This review summarized the updated information on foulants composition and characteristics in MBRs, which greatly improves the understanding of fouling mechanisms, and the emerging fouling control strategies are comprehensively reviewed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Pharmaceuticals, hormones, and other organic wastewater contaminants in U.S. streams, 1999-2000: a national reconnaissance.

TL;DR: The U.S. Geological Survey used five newly developed analytical methods to measure concentrations of 95 organic wastewater contaminants (OWCs) in water samples from a network of 139 streams across 30 states during 1999 and 2000 as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI

Science and technology for water purification in the coming decades

TL;DR: Some of the science and technology being developed to improve the disinfection and decontamination of water, as well as efforts to increase water supplies through the safe re-use of wastewater and efficient desalination of sea and brackish water are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI

The Future of Seawater Desalination: Energy, Technology, and the Environment

TL;DR: The possible reductions in energy demand by state-of-the-art seawater Desalination technologies, the potential role of advanced materials and innovative technologies in improving performance, and the sustainability of desalination as a technological solution to global water shortages are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI

The upper bound revisited

TL;DR: The empirical upper bound relationship for membrane separation of gases initially published in 1991 has been reviewed with the myriad of data now presently available as mentioned in this paper, which indicates a different solubility selectivity relationship for perfluorinated polymers compared to hydrocarbon/aromatic polymers.
Book

Membrane Technology and Applications

TL;DR: Overview of membrane science and technology membrane transport theory membrane and modules concentration polarization reverse osmosis ultrafiltration microfiltration gas separation pervaporation ion exchange membrane processes - electrodialysis carrier facilitated transport medical applications of membranes other membranes processed.
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