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Microbial cellulases ─ Production, applications and challenges

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TLDR
The review discusses the current knowledge on cellulase production by microorganisms and the genetic controls exercised on it and the challenges in cellulase research especially in the direction of improving the process economics of enzyme production.
Abstract
Microbial cellulases find applications in various industries and constitute a major group of the industrial enzymes. Recently, there is resurgence in utilization of biomass for fuel production employing cellulases and hence forth in obtaining better yields and novel activities. Improving the economics of such processes will involve cost reduction in cellulase production which may be achieved by better bioprocesses and genetic improvement of cellulase producers to yield more of the enzyme. The review discusses the current knowledge on cellulase production by microorganisms and the genetic controls exercised on it. It discusses the industrial applications of cellulases and the challenges in cellulase research especially in the direction of improving the process economics of enzyme production.

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Microbial Cellulases and Their Industrial Applications

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Recent advances in solid-state fermentation.

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Fruit and Vegetable Waste: Bioactive Compounds, Their Extraction, and Possible Utilization.

TL;DR: The types and nature of the waste that originates from fruits and vegetables, the bioactive components in the waste, their extraction techniques, and the potential utilization of the obtained bioactive compounds are described.
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Advancement and comparative profiles in the production technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial cellulases

TL;DR: This review deals with developments in bioprocess technologies, solid-state and submerged fermentation as well as on the strategies adopted for improving cellulase production or properties, including engineering the genes or designing enzyme cocktails.
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Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency?

TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the biobutanol production from a biorefinery perspective is presented, where the authors stress the importance of improving the efficiency of the fermentation stage by altering the pretreatment of the raw material and downstream processes.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology.

TL;DR: A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.
Book

Solid-state fermentation

TL;DR: Solid-state fermentation has emerged as a potential technology for the production of microbial products such as feed, fuel, food, industrial chemicals and pharmaceutical products and with continuity in current trends, SSF technology would be well developed at par with submerged fermentation technology in times to come.
Journal ArticleDOI

Cellulases and related enzymes in biotechnology

TL;DR: The present article is an overview of the biotechnological state-of-the-art for cellulases and related enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI

The biological degradation of cellulose

TL;DR: The study of cellulolytic enzymes at the molecular level has revealed some of the features that contribute to their activity and an increasing number of three-dimensional structures are becoming available for cellulases and xylanases belonging to different families, which will provide paradigms for molecular modeling of related enzymes.
Journal ArticleDOI

Fuel ethanol production from lignocellulose: a challenge for metabolic engineering and process integration.

TL;DR: Improvement of the fermentation process is just one of several factor that needs to be fully optimized and integrated to generate a competitive lignocellulose ethanol plant.
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