Journal ArticleDOI
Microparticulates for ophthalmic drug delivery
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TLDR
The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that this dosage form holds great promise for sustained drug release in the eye, however, several formulation challenges, including production of stable suspensions, uniform dose per unit volume, efficient drug entrapment, reproducible and large scale manufacturing, uniform particle size, etc., have to be addressed.Abstract:
Microparticulates are drug-containing small polymeric particles (erodible, non-erodible or ion-exchange resins) that are suspended in a liquid carrier medium. Upon administration of particle suspension in the eye, the particles reside at the delivery site (cul-de-sac, sub conjunctiva or vitreous cavity) and the drug is released from the particles through diffusion, chemical reaction, polymer degradation, or ion-exchange mechanism. Several distinct approaches have been used to formulate drugs in microparticulate dosage form for intraocular and topical application. These include erodible microparticulates, swelling mucoadhesive particulates, pH responsive microparticulates, nanoparticles/latex systems, ion-exchange resins, etc. Injection of bioerodible microparticulates in the vitreous for treating infections of posterior segment and the release of acceptable levels of drug up to two weeks has been demonstrated. Both corneal and non-corneal routes of drug entry in the eye from topical instillations are postulated. The in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that this dosage form holds great promise for sustained drug release in the eye. However, several formulation challenges, including production of stable suspensions, uniform dose per unit volume, efficient drug entrapment, reproducible and large scale manufacturing, uniform particle size, etc., have to be addressed. Fruitful resolution of technological challenges will result in a superior dosage form for both topical and intraocular ophthalmic application. Recent developments and future challenges of microparticulate ophthalmic drug delivery system are discussed in this review.read more
Citations
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Topical Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Developments and Future Challenges
TL;DR: The focus of this review is on recent developments in topical ocular drug delivery systems relative to their success in overcoming the constraints imposed by the eye and to the improvements that have yet to be made.
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Drop size and initial dosing frequency problems of topically applied ophthalmic drugs
TL;DR: The multidrug data presented in this report constitute a strong argument for combination drug products whenever multi-drug therapy is indicated.
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Controlled Delivery Systems for Proteins Using Polyanhydride Microspheres
TL;DR: Activity studies demonstrated that the sonication process was primarily responsible for activity loss and it is likely that the protein interaction with FAD monomers permits formation of water-insoluble protein aggregates which slowly dissolve and diffuse out of the matrix, leading to delayed protein release.
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Ocular evaluation of methylcellulose vehicle in albino rabbits.
TL;DR: Comparison of the present study in rabbits to reported behavior in humans suggests that the vehicle viscosity influence is qualitatively similar but quantitatively different in both species, with the quantitative difference being due, in part, to the difference in rate of blinking and precorneal solution movement in rabbits as compared to humans.
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Polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanoparticles as drug carrier: present state and perspectives
TL;DR: Physico-chemical properties and characterization of biodegradable nanoparticles, as well as drug payload, are discussed and special attention is given to the mechanism of bioerosion of nanoparticles both in vitro and in vivo.