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National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications
TLDR
In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship and provide an approach to characterizing them, which are fundamentally resource allocation systems that are driven by individual-level opportunity pursuit, through the creation of new ventures, with this activity and its outcomes regulated by country-specific institutional characteristics.Abstract:
We introduce a novel concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship and provide an approach to characterizing them. National Systems of Entrepreneurship are fundamentally resource allocation systems that are driven by individual-level opportunity pursuit, through the creation of new ventures, with this activity and its outcomes regulated by country-specific institutional characteristics. In contrast with the institutional emphasis of the National Systems of Innovation frameworks, where institutions engender and regulate action, National Systems of Entrepreneurship are driven by individuals, with institutions regulating who acts and the outcomes of individual action. Building on these principles, we also introduce a novel index methodology to characterizing National Systems of Entrepreneurship. The distinctive features of the methodology are: (1) systemic approach, which allows interactions between components of National Systems of Entrepreneurship; (2) the Penalty for Bottleneck feature, which identifies bottleneck factors that hold back system performance; (3) contextualization, which recognizes that national entrepreneurship processes are always embedded in a given country’s institutional framework.read more
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Innovative Entrepreneurship as a Collaborative Effort: An Institutional Framework
Niklas Elert,Magnus Henrekson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors demonstrate how successful entrepreneurship depends on a collaborative innovation bloc (CIB), a system of innovation that evolves spontaneously and within which activity takes place through time.
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Foreign direct investment and entrepreneurship: gender differences across international economic freedom and taxation
Rajeev K. Goel,Rajeev K. Goel +1 more
TL;DR: This paper examined the impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on entrepreneurship activity and found that FDI had a negative effect (crowding out) and a positive effect (synergy or complementarity via spillovers).
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The collaborative innovation bloc: A new mission for Austrian economics
Niklas Elert,Magnus Henrekson +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that successful entrepreneurship depends on an innovation bloc of this kind, a system of innovation that evolves and within which activity takes place through time, and they show how the application of the collaborative innovation bloc perspective could help make Austrian economics more concrete, relevant and persuasive, especially in regard to policy prescriptions.
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Network brokers or hit makers? Analyzing the influence of incubation on start-up investments
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors test two mechanisms to explain the relationship between incubation and the amount of investments raised by early stage start-ups as performance measure, and they find that incubators have a positive effect on both the number of investments and the ability of start-up to attract funding from formal investors and banks.
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Noción de emprendimiento para una formación escolar en competencia emprendedora
TL;DR: In this paper, a revision of the concept of entrepreneurship to be applied in an educational context is proposed, which identifies the nexus between economic activity and education aimed at encouraging the students' entrepreneurial skills.
References
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