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National Systems of Entrepreneurship: Measurement issues and policy implications
TLDR
In this paper, the authors introduce the concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship and provide an approach to characterizing them, which are fundamentally resource allocation systems that are driven by individual-level opportunity pursuit, through the creation of new ventures, with this activity and its outcomes regulated by country-specific institutional characteristics.Abstract:
We introduce a novel concept of National Systems of Entrepreneurship and provide an approach to characterizing them. National Systems of Entrepreneurship are fundamentally resource allocation systems that are driven by individual-level opportunity pursuit, through the creation of new ventures, with this activity and its outcomes regulated by country-specific institutional characteristics. In contrast with the institutional emphasis of the National Systems of Innovation frameworks, where institutions engender and regulate action, National Systems of Entrepreneurship are driven by individuals, with institutions regulating who acts and the outcomes of individual action. Building on these principles, we also introduce a novel index methodology to characterizing National Systems of Entrepreneurship. The distinctive features of the methodology are: (1) systemic approach, which allows interactions between components of National Systems of Entrepreneurship; (2) the Penalty for Bottleneck feature, which identifies bottleneck factors that hold back system performance; (3) contextualization, which recognizes that national entrepreneurship processes are always embedded in a given country’s institutional framework.read more
Citations
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The effects of personal abilities and self-efficacy on entrepreneurial intentions
TL;DR: In this article, a structural equations model (SEM) has been estimated using the method of partial least squares regression (PLS) with a sample composed of 1126 university students and the results indicated the mediating effect of attitude toward entrepreneurship between entrepreneurial self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Entrepreneurial orientation (EO): Measurement and policy implications of entrepreneurship at the macroeconomic level
Thanti Mthanti,Kalu Ojah +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compute EO as an aggregate level, unidimensional, second-order construct with three indicators that covary: risk-taking, innovativeness and proactiveness.
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Institutional Reform for Innovation and Entrepreneurship: An Agenda for Europe
TL;DR: In this article, the authors propose a reform strategy with respect to the rule of law and the protection of property rights, the tax system, regulations governing savings, capital and finance, the organization of labor markets and social insurance systems, the regulations governing goods and service markets, bankruptcy and insolvency, and human capital investments.
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Entrepreneurial readiness in the context of national systems of entrepreneurship
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigate the importance of systemic contingencies between individual-level and country-level variables and develop the concept of entrepreneurial readiness as a factor consisting of four items relating to individuals skills, fear of failure, social connectedness and opportunity perception.
Book ChapterDOI
Measuring Entrepreneurial Ecosystems
TL;DR: In this article, the authors measure entrepreneurial ecosystem elements and use these to compose an entrepreneurial ecosystem index, and measure the output of entrepreneurial ecosystems with different indicators of high-growth firms.
References
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