Journal ArticleDOI
NDMA formation in secondary wastewater effluent.
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Experiments conducted on chloramination and chlorination of secondary wastewater have confirmed that that significant NDMA formation arises only from chloramination, with its concentration varying with test conditions used.About:
This article is published in Chemosphere.The article was published on 2013-03-01. It has received 30 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Chloramination.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Three-step effluent chlorination increases disinfection efficiency and reduces DBP formation and toxicity
TL;DR: Three-step chlorination could reduce the potential adverse effects of disinfected sewage effluents to aquatic organisms in the receiving marine water as well as diminishing adverse effects to aquatic organism in receiving water body.
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Characterization of pharmaceuticals and personal care products as N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors during disinfection processes using free chlorine and chlorine dioxide.
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that a group of PPCPs containing amine groups can serve as NDMA precursors during free chlorine or chlorine dioxide (ClO2) chlorination processes and to control the initial PPCP concentrations prior to disinfection and to shorten the contact time to reduce the NDMA formation.
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Regulated and emerging disinfection by-products in recycled waters.
TL;DR: There is a knowledge gap for the occurrence of disinfectant by-products in recycled waters, especially when comparing this information to that available for drinking waters, and the concentrations of DBPs observed in recycle waters are seen to be higher than those in drinking water, though still within potable threshold limits.
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Synergistic effects of combining ozonation, ceramic membrane filtration and biologically active carbon filtration for wastewater reclamation
TL;DR: Compared to pre-ozonation, in situ ozonation in the membrane tank was more effective in controlling membrane fouling and in degrading organic pollutants, which could be attributed to the higher residual ozone concentration in the tank.
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Kinetic study of the reactions between chloramine disinfectants and hydrogen peroxide: temperature dependence and reaction mechanism.
TL;DR: The temperature-dependent kinetics for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide and chloramine water disinfectants and concomitant measurements made using a chloride ion selective electrode showed that the chloride was produced quantitatively will aid water utilities in predicting chloramine concentrations and thus disinfection potential throughout the water distribution system.
References
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Book
Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater
TL;DR: The most widely read reference in the water industry, Water Industry Reference as discussed by the authors, is a comprehensive reference tool for water analysis methods that covers all aspects of USEPA-approved water analysis.
Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater seventh edition
TL;DR: Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater seventh edition, Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater seventh edition , کتابخانه دیجیتال جندی اهواز.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from dimethylamine during chlorination.
William A. Mitch,David L. Sedlak +1 more
TL;DR: Investigation of chlorine disinfection of secondary wastewater effluent and drinking water can result in the production of the potent carcinogen N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) at concentrations of approximately 100 and 10 parts per trillion (ng/L), respectively suggests that it may be possible to reduce NDMA formation by removing ammonia prior to chlorination, by breakpoint chlorinations, or by avoidance of the use of monochloramine for drinking water disinfection.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from reaction of monochloramine: a new disinfection by-product
TL;DR: It is concluded that reactions involving monochloramine in addition to classical nitrosation reactions are potentially important pathways for NDMA formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products in drinking water--a review.
TL;DR: A critical review of the occurrence and control of nitrogenous disinfection by-products is provided, finding that the sum of analysed halonitromethanes represented 3-4% of the mass of THMs on a median basis.
Related Papers (5)
Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) from dimethylamine during chlorination.
William A. Mitch,David L. Sedlak +1 more
Characterization and fate of N-nitrosodimethylamine precursors in municipal wastewater treatment plants.
William A. Mitch,David L. Sedlak +1 more