Journal ArticleDOI
Neuromuscular adaptations during concurrent strength and endurance training versus strength training
Keijo Häkkinen,Markku Alen,William J. Kraemer,Esteban M. Gorostiaga,Mikel Izquierdo,Heikki Rusko,Jussi Mikkola,Arja Häkkinen,Heli Valkeinen,E. Kaarakainen,S. Romu,V. Erola,Juha P. Ahtiainen,L. Paavolainen +13 more
TLDR
The present results suggest that even the low-frequency concurrent strength and endurance training leads to interference in explosive strength development mediated in part by the limitations of rapid voluntary neural activation of the trained muscles.Abstract:
The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of concurrent strength and endurance training (SE) (2 plus 2 days a week) versus strength training only (S) (2 days a week) in men [SE: n=11; 38 (5) years, S: n=16; 37 (5) years] over a training period of 21 weeks. The resistance training program addressed both maximal and explosive strength components. EMG, maximal isometric force, 1 RM strength, and rate of force development (RFD) of the leg extensors, muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) of the quadriceps femoris (QF) throughout the lengths of 4/15–12/15 (Lf) of the femur, muscle fibre proportion and areas of types I, IIa, and IIb of the vastus lateralis (VL), and maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) were evaluated. No changes occurred in strength during the 1-week control period, while after the 21-week training period increases of 21% (p<0.001) and 22% (p<0.001), and of 22% (p<0.001) and 21% (p<0.001) took place in the 1RM load and maximal isometric force in S and SE, respectively. Increases of 26% (p<0.05) and 29% (p<0.001) occurred in the maximum iEMG of the VL in S and SE, respectively. The CSA of the QF increased throughout the length of the QF (from 4/15 to 12/15 Lf) both in S (p<0.05–0.001) and SE (p<0.01–0.001). The mean fibre areas of types I, IIa and IIb increased after the training both in S (p<0.05 and 0.01) and SE (p<0.05 and p<0.01). S showed an increase in RFD (p<0.01), while no change occurred in SE. The average iEMG of the VL during the first 500 ms of the rapid isometric action increased (p<0.05–0.001) only in S. VO2max increased by 18.5% (p<0.001) in SE. The present data do not support the concept of the universal nature of the interference effect in strength development and muscle hypertrophy when strength training is performed concurrently with endurance training, and the training volume is diluted by a longer period of time with a low frequency of training. However, the present results suggest that even the low-frequency concurrent strength and endurance training leads to interference in explosive strength development mediated in part by the limitations of rapid voluntary neural activation of the trained muscles.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The adaptations to strength training : morphological and neurological contributions to increased strength.
TL;DR: The gains in strength with HRST are undoubtedly due to a wide combination of neurological and morphological factors, although there is contrary evidence suggesting no change in cortical or corticospinal excitability.
Textbook Of Work Physiology Physiological Bases Of Exercise
Abstract: Thank you for downloading textbook of work physiology physiological bases of exercise. As you may know, people have look hundreds times for their chosen novels like this textbook of work physiology physiological bases of exercise, but end up in infectious downloads. Rather than reading a good book with a cup of tea in the afternoon, instead they cope with some harmful virus inside their desktop computer.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rate of force development: physiological and methodological considerations
Nicola A. Maffiuletti,Per Aagaard,Anthony J. Blazevich,Jonathan J. Folland,Neale N. Tillin,Jacques Duchateau +5 more
TL;DR: Evidence-based practical recommendations are provided for rational quantification of rate of force development in both laboratory and clinical settings and various methodological considerations inherent to its evaluation are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-contact ACL injuries in female athletes: An International Olympic Committee current concepts statement
Per Renström,Arne Ljungqvist,Elizabeth A. Arendt,Bruce D. Beynnon,Toru Fukubayashi,William E. Garrett,T. Georgoulis,Timothy E. Hewett,Robert J. Johnson,Tron Krosshaug,B. Mandelbaum,Lyle J. Micheli,Grethe Myklebust,Ewa M. Roos,Harald Roos,Patrick Schamasch,Sandra J. Shultz,Suzanne Werner,Edward M. Wojtys,Lars Engebretsen +19 more
TL;DR: A multidisciplinary group of ACL expert clinicians and scientists are invited to review current evidence including data from the new Scandinavian ACL registries, critically evaluate high-quality studies of injury mechanics and consider the key elements of successful prevention programmes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of Resistance Training on Older Adults
TL;DR: Strength and muscle mass are increased following resistance training in older adults through a poorly understood series of events that appears to involve the recruitment of satellite cells to support hypertrophy of mature myofibres.
References
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Textbook of Work Physiology
Per-Olof Åstrand,Kåre Rodahl +1 more
TL;DR: Find loads of the textbook of work physiology book catalogues in this site as the choice of you visiting this page.
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TL;DR: The major metabolic consequences of the adaptations of muscle to endurance exercise are a slower utilization of muscle glycogen and blood glucose, a greater reliance on fat oxidation, and less lactate production during exercise of a given intensity.
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Textbook of work physiology : physiological bases of exercise
Per-Olof Åstrand,K. Rodahl +1 more
TL;DR: Our biological heritage includes the cell and its regulatory mechanisms, the muscle and its contraction, motor function, body fluids, blood, and circulation, respiratory system, and skeletal system as discussed by the authors.
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Neural factors versus hypertrophy in the time course of muscle strength gain
Moritani T,deVries Ha +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicated that neural factors accounted for the larger proportion of the initial strength increment and thereafter both neural factors andhypertrophy took part in the further increase in strength, with hypertrophy becoming the dominant factor after the first 3 to 5 weeks.