Journal ArticleDOI
NF‐κB targeting for overcoming tumor resistance and normal tissues toxicity
Keywan Mortezaee,Masoud Najafi,Bagher Farhood,Amirhossein Ahmadi,Dheyauldeen Shabeeb,Ahmed Eleojo Musa +5 more
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TLDR
The pivotal role of NF‐κB is explained in both normal tissue toxicity and tumor resistance, and the promising strategies for overcoming these problems with regard to chemotherapy and radiotherapy are discussed.Abstract:
Radiotherapy and chemotherapy are two famous modalities in tumor-targeted therapy that lead to systemic and local toxicities for normal tissues. Moreover, several studies have confirmed that exposure of the tumor to radiation or chemotherapy drugs stimulate some signaling pathways in the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to resistance of cancer cells to apoptosis, as well as promoting angiogenesis and tumor growth. Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) plays a central role in the regulation of inflammatory responses in both normal tissues and tumors via the release of several cytokines, regulation of prostaglandins, reduction/oxidation (redox) reactions, angiogenesis, and cell death. Upregulation of NF-κB in normal tissues causes an appearance of inflammatory reactions and oxidative stress, whereas it regulates angiogenesis and suppresses apoptosis, leading to resistance to subsequent doses of radiation or chemotherapy. Selective inhibition of NF-κB in experimental studies has shown promising results for tumor sensitization via apoptosis induction, inhibition of angiogenesis, and increasing delay of tumor growth. The use of some agents for NF-κB inhibition has been shown to alleviate radiation/chemotherapy toxicities in normal cells/ tissues. In this current review, we explained the pivotal role of NF-κB in both normal tissue toxicity and tumor resistance. We also discussed the promising strategies for overcoming these problems with regard to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.read more
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Arsenic exposure: A public health problem leading to several cancers.
I. Palma-Lara,Macario Martínez-Castillo,J. C. Quintana-Pérez,Monica G. Arellano-Mendoza,Feliciano Tamay-Cach,O.L. Valenzuela-Limón,Eliud A. García-Montalvo,Araceli Hernández-Zavala +7 more
TL;DR: The present review outlines of arsenic toxic effects focusing on different cancer types whit highest prevalence's by exposure to this metalloid and signaling pathways of carcinogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association of the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) with Cisplatin Resistance.
Milad Ashrafizadeh,Ali Zarrabi,Kiavash Hushmandi,Kiavash Hushmandi,Mahshad Kalantari,Reza Mohammadinejad,Tahereh Javaheri,Gautam Sethi +7 more
TL;DR: The various targeted signaling pathways that could be considered in future studies to pave the way for the inhibition of EMT-mediated resistance displayed by tumor cells in response to CP exposure are highlighted.
Journal ArticleDOI
Steps in metastasis: an updated review.
Jamal Majidpoor,Keywan Mortezaee +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the tumor cells isolated from the primary tumor exploit several mechanisms to maintain their survival including rewiring metabolic demands to use sources available within the new environments, avoiding anoikis cell death when cells are detached from extracellular matrix (ECM), adopting flow mechanic by acquiring platelet shielding and immunosuppression by negating the activity of suppressor immune cells, such as natural killer (NK) cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
Radiation-Induced Normal Tissue Damage: Oxidative Stress and Epigenetic Mechanisms.
TL;DR: The role of oxidative stress and epigenetic mechanisms in radiation damage, and possible prophylactic and therapeutic strategies for RINTD are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
TGF-β in radiotherapy: Mechanisms of tumor resistance and normal tissues injury
Bagher Farhood,Ehsan Khodamoradi,Mojtaba Hoseini-Ghahfarokhi,Elahe Motevaseli,Hanifeh Mirtavoos-Mahyari,Ahmed Eleojo Musa,Masoud Najafi +6 more
TL;DR: The mechanisms of upregulation of TGF-β and its consequences in both tumor and normal tissues are explained to explore mechanisms for improving tumor response and also alleviate side effects of radiotherapy.
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Journal ArticleDOI
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TL;DR: The role of NF-κB proteins as potential therapeutic targets in clinical applications and their role in the immune system and inflammatory diseases are discussed.