Journal ArticleDOI
On kinematic waves I. Flood movement in long rivers
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
In this article, the theory of a distinctive type of wave motion, which arises in any one-dimensional flow problem when there is an approximate functional relation at each point between the flow q and concentration k (quantity passing a given point in unit time) and q remains constant on each kinematic wave.Abstract:
In this paper and in part II, we give the theory of a distinctive type of wave motion, which arises in any one-dimensional flow problem when there is an approximate functional relation at each point between the flow q (quantity passing a given point in unit time) and concentration k (quantity per unit distance). The wave property then follows directly from the equation of continuity satisfied by q and k. In view of this, these waves are described as 'kinematic', as distinct from the classical wave motions, which depend also on Newton's second law of motion and are therefore called 'dynamic'. Kinematic waves travel with the velocity $\partial $q/$\partial $k, and the flow q remains constant on each kinematic wave. Since the velocity of propagation of each wave depends upon the value of q carried by it, successive waves may coalesce to form 'kinematic shock waves'. From the point of view of kinematic wave theory, there is a discontinuous increase in q at a shock, but in reality a shock wave is a relatively narrow region in which (owing to the rapid increase of q) terms neglected by the flow-concentration relation become important. The general properties of kinematic waves and shock waves are discussed in detail in section 1. One example included in section 1 is the interpretation of the group-velocity phenomenon in a dispersive medium as a particular case of the kinematic wave phenomenon. The remainder of part I is devoted to a detailed treatment of flood movement in long rivers, a problem in which kinematic waves play the leading role although dynamic waves (in this case, the long gravity waves) also appear. First (section 2), we consider the variety of factors which can influence the approximate flow-concentration relation, and survey the various formulae which have been used in attempts to describe it. Then follows a more mathematical section (section 3) in which the role of the dynamic waves is clarified. From the full equations of motion for an idealized problem it is shown that at the 'Froude numbers' appropriate to flood waves, the dynamic waves are rapidly attenuated and the main disturbance is carried downstream by the kinematic waves; some account is then given of the behaviour of the flow at higher Froude numbers. Also in section 3, the full equations of motion are used to investigate the structure of the kinematic shock; for this problem, the shock is the 'monoclinal flood wave' which is well known in the literature of this subject. The final sections (section section 4 and 5) contain the application of the theory of kinematic waves to the determination of flood movement. In section 4 it is shown how the waves (including shock waves) travelling downstream from an observation point may be deduced from a knowledge of the variation with time of the flow at the observation point; this section then concludes with a brief account of the effect on the waves of tributaries and run-off. In section 5, the modifications (similar to diffusion effects) which arise due to the slight dependence of the flow-concentration curve on the rate of change of flow or concentration, are described and methods for their inclusion in the theory are given.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Lane-based real-time queue length estimation using license plate recognition data
TL;DR: A lane-based real-time queue length estimation model using the license plate recognition (LPR) data is proposed and the results show that the model can capture the variations in queue lengths in the ground truth data, and the maximum queue length for each signal cycle can be estimated with a reasonable accuracy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Analytical modelling of sputter induced surface morphology
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the mathematical treatment of the development of surface topography of amorphous materials bombarded by an energetic beam of particles is presented, where the relevant analytical equations are presented and extended to include surface diffusion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reliable evacuation planning via demand inflation and supply deflation
ManWo Ng,S. Travis Waller +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an evacuation route planning model that both accounts for demand uncertainty (i.e. the number of evacuees) as well as capacity uncertainty was proposed to ensure reliability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrologic modeling: progress and future directions
TL;DR: It is argued that with the aid of new information gathering and computational tools, hydrology will witness greater integration with both technical and non-technical areas and increasing applications of information technology tools.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Exploratory Shockwave Approach to Estimating Queue Length Using Probe Trajectories
TL;DR: An innovative approach for signalized intersection performance measurement using probe vehicle trajectory data, focusing on queue length estimation and a threshold-based critical point extraction algorithm, which has the potential to reduce the communication cost in future real-time probe data collection application.
References
More filters
Journal Article
On kinetic waves, II . A theory of traffic flow on long crowded roads
M J Lighthill,G B Whitham +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a functional relationship between flow and concentration for traffic on crowded arterial roads has been postulated for some time, and has experimental backing, from which a theory of the propagation of changes in traffic distribution along these roads may be deduced.
Journal ArticleDOI
On kinematic waves II. A theory of traffic flow on long crowded roads
TL;DR: The theory of kinematic waves is applied to the problem of estimating how a ‘hump’, or region of increased concentration, will move along a crowded main road, and is applicable principally to traffic behaviour over a long stretch of road.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mathematical solution of the problem of roll-waves in inclined opel channels
TL;DR: In this paper, it was shown that discontinuous periodic solutions can be constructed by joining together sections of a continuous solution through shocks (or "bores") and that only one special continuous solution can be used as the basis for constructing discontinuous continuous solutions.