Journal ArticleDOI
Orientation and mutual location of ions at the surface of ionic liquids
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TLDR
The structure of the liquid-vacuum interface in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is investigated using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and synchrotron SXPS and it is shown unequivocally that this layer is not due to the presence of impurities.Abstract:
The structure of the liquid–vacuum interface in room temperature ionic liquids (ILs) is investigated using angle-resolved X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (ARXPS) and synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (SXPS). By varying the polar angle and comparing the results for the chosen ionic liquids, we identify the presence of a surface layer that is chemically different to the bulk. In particular, this layer: (i) is enriched by aliphatic carbon atoms from the saturated carbon chains of the anions and cations, and (ii) contains an unequal distribution of cations and anions in a direction normal to the surface. This unequal distribution creates a potential gradient which extends from the surface into the liquid. We show unequivocally that this layer is not due to the presence of impurities.read more
Citations
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Weighing the surface charge of an ionic liquid
Nicklas Hjalmarsson,Daniel Wallinder,Sergei Glavatskih,Sergei Glavatskih,Rob Atkin,Teodor Aastrup,Mark W. Rutland +6 more
TL;DR: New capacity to quantitatively measure ion composition is critical for ionic liquid applications ranging from batteries, capacitors and electrodeposition through to boundary layer structure in tribology, and more broadly provides new insight into interfacial processes in concentrated electrolyte solutions.
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Composition of the outermost layer and concentration depth profiles of ammonium nitrate ionic liquid surfaces
TL;DR: The cation is enriched to a greater extent at the surface of PAN and EtAN compared to EAN, and a corresponding depletion of nitrate from the outermost layer of the EtAN surface.
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Adsorption of ionic liquids onto silver studied by XPS
David A. Beattie,Andrea Arcifa,Iliana Delcheva,Brock A. Le Cerf,Stephanie V. MacWilliams,Antonella Rossi,Antonella Rossi,Marta Krasowska +7 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to study the adsorption of two related imidazolium ionic liquids: 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolate bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and 1hexyl 3methyloride chloride (HMIM NTf2 and HMIM Cl) onto silver.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spectroscopic study of ionic liquid adsorption from solution onto gold.
David A. Beattie,Sarah L. Harmer-Bassell,Tracey T. M. Ho,Marta Krasowska,John Ralston,Pasindu M. F. Sellapperumage,Patryk Wąsik +6 more
TL;DR: Spectra acquired as a function of X-ray exposure time indicate that non-interacting physisorbed IL components are preferentially removed at the expense of surface bound components, and that anion and cation are both present in the surface bound layer, and also in the layer above.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dual analyzer system for surface analysis dedicated for angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy at liquid surfaces and interfaces.
TL;DR: A new and unique laboratory "Dual Analyzer System for Surface Analysis (DASSA)" which enables fast ARXPS, UV photoelectron spectroscopy, imaging XPS, and low-energy ion scattering at the horizontal surface plane of macroscopically thick non-volatile liquid samples.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Quantitative electron spectroscopy of surfaces: A standard data base for electron inelastic mean free paths in solids
Martin P. Seah,W. A. Dench +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a compilation of all published measurements of electron inelastic mean free path lengths in solids for energies in the range 0-10 000 eV above the Fermi level is presented.
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Influence of chloride, water, and organic solvents on the physical properties of ionic liquids
TL;DR: The first systematic study of the effect of impurities and additives (e.g., water, chloride, and cosolvents) on the physical properties of room-temperature ionic liquids was performed in this article.
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Nanostructural Organization in Ionic Liquids
TL;DR: As the length of the alkyl chain increases, the nonpolar domains become larger and more connected and cause swelling of the ionic network, in a manner analogous to systems exhibiting microphase separation.