Journal ArticleDOI
Pediatric cancer rates after universal folic acid flour fortification in Ontario.
Sandy G. Grupp,Mark L. Greenberg,Joel G. Ray,Usoa Busto,Usoa Busto,Krista L. Lanctôt,Irena Nulman,Gideon Koren,Gideon Koren +8 more
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TLDR
There was an approximately 30% reduction in risk of Wilms' tumor following introduction of the initiative, corroborates a recent case‐control study from Germany and may provide some reassurance that universal flour fortification does not heighten the risk of pediatric cancer.Abstract:
Following the introduction of mandatory Canadian folic acid flour fortification in mid-1997, the incidence of selected childhood cancers that declined in Ontario prior to and subsequent to this public policy initiative was examined. A population-based cohort study of all incident cases of childhood malignancy in Ontario between the years 1985 and 2006 was conducted. Participants were identified from a database provided by the Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario and included children 0 to 4 years of age and 5 to 9 years of age who were diagnosed with cancer. Among children aged 0 to 4 years, the incidence rate of Wilms' tumor declined from 1.94 to 1.43 per 100,000 (incidence rate ratio 0.74, 95% confidence interval, 0.57-0.95). No significant change was seen in the prefortification vs postfortification time periods for acute lymphoblastic leukemia, brain cancers, or embryonal cancers among the 0- to 4-year or 5- to 9-year age groups. There was an approximately 30% reduction in risk of Wilms' tumor following introduction of the initiative. This corroborates a recent case-control study from Germany. These data may also provide some reassurance that universal flour fortification does not heighten the risk of pediatric cancer.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Childhood brain tumor epidemiology: a brain tumor epidemiology consortium review.
Kimberly J. Johnson,Jennifer Cullen,Jill S. Barnholtz-Sloan,Quinn T. Ostrom,Chelsea Eastman Langer,Michelle C. Turner,Roberta McKean-Cowdin,James L. Fisher,Philip J. Lupo,Sonia Partap,Judith A. Schwartzbaum,Michael E. Scheurer +11 more
TL;DR: The results of a review of studies published since 2004 that have analyzed incidence and survival in different international regions and that have examined potential genetic, immune system, developmental and birth characteristics, and environmental risk factors are summarized.
Book ChapterDOI
Water Contamination and Pollution
Linda Schweitzer,James A. Noblet +1 more
TL;DR: Water pollution is the presence of chemical, physical, or biological components or factors producing a condition of impairment of a given water body with respect to some beneficial use as discussed by the authors, and the level of contamination necessary to render a water body impaired is highly dependent on the type of water body, its location and the types of beneficial uses it supports.
Journal ArticleDOI
Folic acid supplementation in pregnancy and implications in health and disease
TL;DR: The role of FA in human health is discussed and the benefits, concerns, and epigenetic effects of maternal FA are reviewed on the basis of recent findings that are important to design future studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Retrospective Assessment of Cost Savings From Prevention: Folic Acid Fortification and Spina Bifida in the U.S.
TL;DR: New estimates from the societal perspective of net cost savings per year associated with mandatory folic acid fortification of enriched cereal grain products in the U.S. are larger than previously reported, even using conservative assumptions.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Is folic acid good for everyone
TL;DR: Nations considering fortification should be cautious and stimulate further research to identify the effects, good and bad, caused by a high intake of folic acid from fortified food or dietary supplements.
Journal ArticleDOI
Folate and carcinogenesis: evidence, mechanisms, and implications.
TL;DR: A growing body of epidemiologic and clinical evidence suggests that, regardless of the systemic folate status, folate deficiency in certain epithelial tissues may be a factor that predisposes to the development of neoplasms arising from these tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nephrogenic Rests, Nephroblastomatosis, and the Pathogenesis of Wilms' Tumor
TL;DR: The delineation of two distinct categories of WT precursors suggests pathogenetic heterogeneity for WTs, and the biological and clinical implications of NRs are considered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying the effect of folic acid
TL;DR: Results predict that the preventive effect of specified increases in intake of folic acid is greater in women with low serum folate than in those with higher concentrations, and food fortification levels should be increased.