Journal ArticleDOI
Photoisomerization in different classes of azobenzene
TLDR
This critical review details the studies completed to date on the 3 main classes of azobenzene derivatives and explains the mechanism behind the isomerization mechanism.Abstract:
Azobenzene undergoes trans → cisisomerization when irradiated with light tuned to an appropriate wavelength. The reverse cis →transisomerization can be driven by light or occurs thermally in the dark. Azobenzene's photochromatic properties make it an ideal component of numerous molecular devices and functional materials. Despite the abundance of application-driven research, azobenzene photochemistry and the isomerization mechanism remain topics of investigation. Additional substituents on the azobenzene ring system change the spectroscopic properties and isomerization mechanism. This critical review details the studies completed to date on the 3 main classes of azobenzene derivatives. Understanding the differences in photochemistry, which originate from substitution, is imperative in exploiting azobenzene in the desired applications.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
pH Tuning of Water-Soluble Arylazopyrazole Photoswitches.
Simon Ludwanowski,Meral Ari,Karsten Parison,Somar Kalthoum,Paula Straub,Nils Pompe,Stefan Weber,Michael Walter,Andreas Walther +8 more
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the thermal half‐life of a water‐soluble PEG‐tethered arylazo‐bis(o‐methylated)pyrazole (AAP) can be tuned by more than five orders of magnitude using simple pH adjustment, which is beyond the tunability of azobenzenes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Synthesis of functionalized diazocines for application as building blocks in photo- and mechanoresponsive materials
TL;DR: Seven symmetrically 3,3’-substituted diazocines were synthesized and exhibit improved photophysical properties, which are promising candidates as molecular switches in photo and mechanoresponsive macromolecules and other smart materials.
Journal ArticleDOI
Challenges for machine learning force fields in reproducing potential energy surfaces of flexible molecules
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the performance of the state-of-the-art Machine Learning (ML) models, namely, sGDML, SchNet, Gaussian Approximation Potentials/Smooth Overlap of Atomic Positions (GAPs/SOAPs), and Behler-Parrinello neural networks, for reproducing complex potential energy surfaces (PESs) with multiple minima and transition paths between them.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photoisomerization of Protonated Azobenzenes in the Gas Phase
Michael S. Scholz,James N. Bull,Neville J. A. Coughlan,Neville J. A. Coughlan,Eduardo Carrascosa,Brian D. Adamson,Brian D. Adamson,Evan J. Bieske +7 more
TL;DR: The experimental results are interpreted with the aid of supporting electronic structure calculations considering the relative stabilities and geometries of the possible isomers and protomers and vertical electronic excitation energies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light and latex: advances in the photochemistry of polymer colloids
Philip J. Scott,Christopher R. Kasprzak,Keyton D. Feller,Viswanath Meenakshisundaram,Christopher B. Williams,Timothy Edward Long +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review highlights major advances in photochemistry, both as stimulus and response, to generate unprecedented functionality in polymer colloids, including photochromism, photoswitchable aggregation, tunable fluorescence, photoactivated crosslinking and solidification, and photomechanical actuation.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Photomechanics: directed bending of a polymer film by light.
TL;DR: It is shown that a single film of a liquid-crystal network containing an azobenzene chromophore can be repeatedly and precisely bent along any chosen direction by using linearly polarized light.
Journal ArticleDOI
Light-driven motion of liquids on a photoresponsive surface
TL;DR: The light-driven motion of a fluid substance in a surface-modified glass tube suggests potential applicability to microscale chemical process systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Design and synthesis of chromophores and polymers for electro-optic and photorefractive applications
TL;DR: The ability of nonlinear optical materials to transmit, process and store information forms the basis of emerging optoelectronic and photonic technologies as discussed by the authors, where organic chromophore-containing polymers, in which the refractive index can be controlled by light or an electric field, are expected to play an important role.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ultrafast Dynamics of Photochromic Systems.
Naoto Tamai,Hiroshi Miyasaka +1 more
TL;DR: Reaction dynamics of the photochromic systems such as spiropyran, flugide and diarylethene derivatives in femto- to nano-second time region was reviewed and mechanisms of rapid reaction channels in various phases were discussed.