Journal ArticleDOI
Physiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions
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TLDR
It is proposed that stress-induced increases in glucocorticoid levels protect not against the source of stress itself but rather against the body's normal reactions to stress, preventing those reactions from overshooting and themselves threatening homeostasis.Abstract:
Introduction and Background Modern glucocorticoid endocrinology is a colorful, richly varied, but formless discipline—a profusion of cellular, physiological and pharmacological effects, seemingly unrelated through any central hormonal function. A current list of glucocorticoid effects might include such disparate items as stimulation of hepatic gluconeogenesis, inhibition of glucose uptake by peripheral tissues, suppression of inflammation, enhanced excretion of a water load, induction in various cells of tryptophan oxygenase and glutamine synthetase, suppression of numerous immune reactions, inhibition of secretion of several hormones and neuropeptides, and inhibition of activity of plasminogen activator and other neutral proteinases. Judging from recent writings on glucocorticoid physiology, an item that might be low on the list or missing altogether is “increased resistance to stress”.read more
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How do glucocorticoids influence stress responses? Integrating permissive, suppressive, stimulatory, and preparative actions.
TL;DR: This review considers recent findings regarding GC action and generates criteria for determining whether a particular GC action permits, stimulates, or suppresses an ongoing stress-response or, as an additional category, is preparative for a subsequent stressor.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protective and Damaging Effects of Stress Mediators
TL;DR: The long-term effect of the physiologic response to stress is reviewed, which I refer to as allostatic load, which is the ability to achieve stability through change.
Book
Social Dominance: An Intergroup Theory of Social Hierarchy and Oppression
Jim Sidanius,Felicia Pratto +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a theory of intergroup relations from visiousness to viciousness, and the psychology of group dominance, as well as the dynamics of the criminal justice system.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Concepts of Stress and Stress System Disorders: Overview of Physical and Behavioral Homeostasis
TL;DR: The main components of the stress system are the corticotropin-releasing hormone and locus ceruleus-norepinephrine/autonomic systems and their peripheral effectors, the pituitary-adrenal axis, and the limbs of the autonomic system as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Two Receptor Systems for Corticosterone in Rat Brain: Microdistribution and Differential Occupation
TL;DR: It is concluded that CORT action via CR may be involved in a tonic (permissive) influence on brain function with the septohippocampal complex as a primary target.
References
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Characterization of a 41-residue ovine hypothalamic peptide that stimulates secretion of corticotropin and beta-endorphin
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Leukotrienes: mediators of immediate hypersensitivity reactions and inflammation
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The general adaptation syndrome and the diseases of adaptation
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beta-Endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are selected concomitantly by the pituitary gland
Roger Guillemin,Therese Vargo,Jean Rossier,Scott Minick,Nicholas Ling,Catherine Rivier,Wylie Vale,Floyd E. Bloom +7 more
TL;DR: Both hormones possess common and identical regulatory mechanisms and there may be a functional role for circulating beta-endorphin in response to acute stress or long-term adrenalectomy.
Journal ArticleDOI
T cell growth factor receptors. Quantitation, specificity, and biological relevance
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