Journal ArticleDOI
Plague as a biological weapon. Medical and public health management.
Thomas V. Inglesby,David T. Dennis,Donald A. Henderson,John G. Bartlett,Michael S. Ascher,Edward M. Eitzen,Anne D. Fine,Arthur M. Friedlander,Jerome Hauer,John F. Koerner,Marcelle Layton,Joseph E. McDade,Michael T. Osterholm,Tara O'Toole,Gerald W. Parker,Trish M. Perl,Philip K. Russell,Monica Schoch-Spana,Kevin Tonat +18 more
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TLDR
The final statement incorporates all relevant evidence obtained by the literature search in conjunction with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members.Abstract:
ObjectiveThe Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based
recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals
following the use of plague as a biological weapon against a civilian population.ParticipantsThe working group included 25 representatives from major academic medical
centers and research, government, military, public health, and emergency management
institutions and agencies.EvidenceMEDLINE databases were searched from January 1966 to June 1998 for the
Medical Subject Headings plague, Yersinia pestis, biological weapon, biological terrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare. Review of the bibliographies
of the references identified by this search led to subsequent identification
of relevant references published prior to 1966. In addition, participants
identified other unpublished references and sources. Additional MEDLINE searches
were conducted through January 2000.Consensus ProcessThe first draft of the consensus statement was a synthesis of information
obtained in the formal evidence-gathering process. The working group was convened
to review drafts of the document in October 1998 and May 1999. The final statement
incorporates all relevant evidence obtained by the literature search in conjunction
with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members.ConclusionsAn aerosolized plague weapon could cause fever, cough, chest pain, and
hemoptysis with signs consistent with severe pneumonia 1 to 6 days after exposure.
Rapid evolution of disease would occur in the 2 to 4 days after symptom onset
and would lead to septic shock with high mortality without early treatment.
Early treatment and prophylaxis with streptomycin or gentamicin or the tetracycline
or fluoroquinolone classes of antimicrobials would be advised.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
2007 Guideline for Isolation Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Health Care Settings.
TL;DR: The ability of hospital ventilation systems to filter Aspergillus and other fungi following a building implosion and the impact of bedside design and furnishing on nosocomial infections are investigated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Practice Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults
John G. Bartlett,Scott F. Dowell,Lionel A. Mandell,Thomas M. File,Daniel M. Musher,Michael J. Fine +5 more
TL;DR: This study highlights the need to understand more fully the role of Epstein-Barr virus in the development of central giant cell granuloma and its role in the immune system.
Journal ArticleDOI
Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections
Dennis L. Stevens,Alan L. Bisno,Henry F. Chambers,Henry F. Chambers,E. Dale Everett,Patchen Dellinger,Ellie J. C. Goldstein,Sherwood L. Gorbach,Jan V. Hirschmann,Jan V. Hirschmann,Edward L. Kaplan,Jose G. Montoya,Jose G. Montoya,Jose G. Montoya,James C. Wade +14 more
TL;DR: It is the recommendation of this committee that patients with soft-tissue infection be distinguished by signs and symptoms of systemic toxicity (e.g., fever or hypothermia, tachycardia [heart rate,] and so on).
Journal ArticleDOI
Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: 2014 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America
Dennis L. Stevens,Alan L. Bisno,Henry F. Chambers,E. Patchen Dellinger,Ellie J. C. Goldstein,Sherwood L. Gorbach,Jan V. Hirschmann,Sheldon L. Kaplan,Jose G. Montoya,James C. Wade,R. M. Alden +10 more
TL;DR: This guideline addresses the wide array of SSTIs that occur in this population and emphasizes the importance of clinical skills in promptly diagnosing SSTI, identifying the pathogen, and administering effective treatments in a timely fashion.
Journal ArticleDOI
Botulinum Toxin as a Biological Weapon: Medical and Public Health Management
Stephen S. Arnon,Robert Schechter,Thomas V. Inglesby,Donald A. Henderson,John G. Bartlett,Michael S. Ascher,Edward M. Eitzen,Anne D. Fine,Jerome Hauer,Marcelle Layton,Scott R. Lillibridge,Michael T. Osterholm,Tara O'Toole,Gerald W. Parker,Trish M. Perl,Philip K. Russell,David L. Swerdlow,Kevin Tonat +17 more
TL;DR: People potentially exposed to botulinum toxin should be closely observed, and those with signs of botulism require prompt treatment with antitoxin and supportive care that may include assisted ventilation for weeks or months.
References
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Book
Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases
TL;DR: This updated and expanded edition now offers 297 chapters that cover the basic principles of diagnosis and management, major clinical syndromes, all important pathogenic microbes and the diseases they cause, plus a number of specialised topics useful to the practitioner.
Journal ArticleDOI
Yersinia pestis--etiologic agent of plague.
R D Perry,J D Fetherston +1 more
TL;DR: The present understanding of the history, etiology, epidemiology, clinical aspects, and public health issues of plague is updated.
Journal ArticleDOI
Smallpox as a Biological Weapon Medical and Public Health Management
Donald A. Henderson,Thomas V. Inglesby,Thomas V. Inglesby,John G. Bartlett,John G. Bartlett,Michael S. Ascher,Edward M. Eitzen,Peter B. Jahrling,Jerome Hauer,Marcelle Layton,Joseph E. McDade,Michael T. Osterholm,Tara O'Toole,Gerald W. Parker,Trish M. Perl,Philip K. Russell,Kevin Tonat +16 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the Working Group onCivilian Biodefense has proposed a set of guidelines for the use of bio-medical data for defense against cyber-attacks against the US government.
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