Plant sterol and stanol margarines and health.
TLDR
If stanols and sterols become cheaper, their introduction into the food chain will make them an important innovation in the primary prevention of heart disease.Abstract:
A new polyunsaturated margarine with added plant stanols, Benecol, was introduced in several European countries last year, and a similar margarine with added plant sterols will be introduced under the Flora label later this year. These products lower serum concentrations of cholesterol, but they are expensive.1–14 In Great Britain the cost is about £2.50 ($4.00) for a 250 g tub compared with 60p for ordinary polyunsaturated margarine and 90p for butter. This article considers quantitatively the health aspects of adding plant sterols and stanols to margarines and other foods.
#### Summary points
Plant sterols and stanols reduce the absorption of cholesterol from the gut and so lower serum concentrations of cholesterol
Plant sterols or stanols that have been esterified to increase their lipid solubilitycan be incorporated into foods
The 2 g of plant sterol or stanol added to an average daily portion of margarine reduces serum concentrations of low density lipoprotein cholesterol by an average of 0.54 mmol/l in people aged 50-59, 0.43 mmol/l in those aged 40-49, and 0.33 mmol/l in those aged 30-39
A reduction in the risk of heart disease of about 25% would be expected for this reduction in low density lipoprotein cholesterol; this is larger than the effect that could be expected to be achieved by people reducing their intake of saturated fat
The added costs of £70 per person per year will limit consumption; however, if stanols and sterols become cheaper, their introduction into the food chain will make them an important innovation in the primary prevention of heart disease
Randomised trials included in this review were identified by a Medline search using the term “plant sterols.” Additional trials were identified from citations in these papers and in review articles. Other trials in children with familial hypercholesterolaemia were not included.
Sterols are an essential …read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
European Guidelines on Cardiovascular Disease Prevention in Clinical Practice (Version 2012)
Massimo Piepoli,Arno W. Hoes,Stefan Agewall,Christian Albus,Carlos Brotons,Alberico L. Catapano,Marie Therese Cooney,Ugo Corrà,Bernard Cosyns,Christi Deaton,Ian D. Graham,Michael Stephen Hall,FD Richard Hobbs,Maja Lisa Løchen,Herbert Löllgen,Pedro Marques-Vidal,Joep Perk,Eva Prescott,Josep Redon,Dimitrios J. Richter,Naveed Sattar,Y.M. Smulders,Monica Tiberi,H. Bart van der Worp,Ineke van Dis,W M Monique Verschuren +25 more
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European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (version 2012) : the fifth joint task force of the European society of cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts).
Joep Perk,G. De Backer,Helmut Gohlke,Ian D. Graham,Zeljko Reiner,Monique Verschuren,Christian Albus,Pascale Benlian,G Boysen,Renata Cifkova,Christi Deaton,Shah Ebrahim,Miles Fisher,Giuseppe Germanò,Richard J. Hobbs,Arno W. Hoes,Sehnaz Karadeniz,Alessandro Mezzani,Eva Prescott,Lars Rydén,Martin Scherer,M Syvänne,Scholte op Reimer Wjm.,Christiaan Vrints,David R. Wood,José Luis Zamorano,Faiez Zannad +26 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice: full text. Fourth Joint Task Force of the European Society of Cardiology and other societies on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice (constituted by representatives of nine societies and by invited experts).
Ian D. Graham,D Atar,K. Borch-Johnsen,K. Borch-Johnsen,G Boysen,Gunilla Burell,Renata Cifkova,Jean Dallongeville,Guy De Backer,Shah Ebrahim,Bjørn Gjelsvik,Christoph Herrmann-Lingen,Arno W. Hoes,Steve E. Humphries,Mike Knapton,Joep Perk,Silvia G. Priori,Kalevi Pyörälä,Zeljko Reiner,Luis Ruilope,Susana Sans-Menendez,Wilma J.M. Scholte op Reimer,Peter Weissberg,David R. Wood,John Yarnell,José Luis Zamorano +25 more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optimal diets for prevention of coronary heart disease.
Frank B. Hu,Walter C. Willett +1 more
TL;DR: Substantial evidence indicates that diets using nonhydrogenated unsaturated fats as the predominant form of dietary fat, whole grains as the main form of carbohydrates, an abundance of fruits and vegetables, and adequate omega-3 fatty acids can offer significant protection against CHD.
Journal ArticleDOI
Phytosterols, phytostanols, and their conjugates in foods: structural diversity, quantitative analysis, and health-promoting uses
TL;DR: Phytosterols and phytostanols have received much attention in the last five years because of their cholesterol-lowering properties and the popularity of these products has caused the medical and biochemical community to focus much attention on phytosterol research activity.
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