Polypharmacy among anabolic-androgenic steroid users: a descriptive metasynthesis
Dominic Sagoe,Jim McVeigh,Astrid Bjørnebekk,Marie-Stella Essilfie,Cecilie Schou Andreassen,Ståle Pallesen +5 more
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TLDR
The findings corroborate previous suggestions of associations between AAS use and the use of other licit and illicit substances and suggest efforts must be intensified to combat the debilitating effects of AAS-associated polypharmacy.Abstract:
As far as we are aware, no previous systematic review and synthesis of the qualitative/descriptive literature on polypharmacy in anabolic-androgenic steroid(s) (AAS) users has been published. We systematically reviewed and synthesized qualitative/descriptive literature gathered from searches in electronic databases and by inspecting reference lists of relevant literature to investigate AAS users’ polypharmacy. We adhered to the recommendations of the UK Economic and Social Research Council’s qualitative research synthesis manual and the PRISMA guidelines. A total of 50 studies published between 1985 and 2014 were included in the analysis. Studies originated from 10 countries although most originated from United States (n = 22), followed by Sweden (n = 7), England only (n = 5), and the United Kingdom (n = 4). It was evident that prior to their debut, AAS users often used other licit and illicit substances. The main ancillary/supplementary substances used were alcohol, and cannabis/cannabinoids followed by cocaine, growth hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), amphetamine/meth, clenbuterol, ephedra/ephedrine, insulin, and thyroxine. Other popular substance classes were analgesics/opioids, dietary/nutritional supplements, and diuretics. Our classification of the various substances used by AAS users resulted in 13 main groups. These non-AAS substances were used mainly to enhance the effects of AAS, combat the side effects of AAS, and for recreational or relaxation purposes, as well as sexual enhancement. Our findings corroborate previous suggestions of associations between AAS use and the use of other licit and illicit substances. Efforts must be intensified to combat the debilitating effects of AAS-associated polypharmacy.read more
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Illicit Drug Use Among Gym-Goers: a Cross-sectional Study of Gym-Goers in Sweden
TL;DR: The results revealed a slightly higher prevalence of illicit drug use among gym attendees as compared to the general population, and may have captured an underrecognized group of young adult males who engage in weightlifting and use illicit drugs recreationally and/or as training aids.
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How the love of muscle can break a heart: Impact of anabolic androgenic steroids on skeletal muscle hypertrophy, metabolic and cardiovascular health
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TL;DR: The aim of this review is to explore the impact of AAS use on mechanisms of muscle hypertrophy and markers of MetS and further long-term research is warranted on the effects of Aas use on metabolic health in males and females.
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Ingrid Amalia Havnes,Marie Lindvik Jørstad,Jim McVeigh,Marie Claire Van Hout,Astrid Bjørnebekk +4 more
TL;DR: Given the deleterious implications to the individual and society that concomitant use of AAS may cause, it would be essential to raise the awareness about AAS use among SUD patients, and the level of competence among health professionals.
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The modes of administration of anabolic-androgenic steroid users (AAS): Are non-injecting people who use steroids overlooked?
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April Henning,Jesper Andreasson +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that formal harm reduction focused on the health and needs of those who use IPEDs offers an environment in which safer use is supported and promoted.
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