Journal ArticleDOI
Practical intelligence in real-world pursuits: The role of tacit knowledge.
TLDR
The role of tacit knowledge (knowledge that usually is not openly expressed or taught) in intellectual competence in real-world pursuits has been examined in this article, where participants were divided into three groups, whose 187 members differed in amounts of experience and formal training in academic psychology.Abstract:
We carried out three experiments to examine the role of tacit knowledge (knowledge that usually is not openly expressed or taught) in intellectual competence in real-world pursuits. In Experiment 1, subjects were divided into three groups, whose 187 members differed in amounts of experience and formal training in academic psychology. Differences in tacit knowledge useful for managing oneself, others, and one's career were related to criterion measures of performance for both academic psychologists and psychology graduate students. In Experiment 2, the subjects were 127 individuals differing in amounts of experience and formal training in business management. Differences in tacit knowledge were related to criterion measures of performance for business managers. In Experiment 3, the results of the second experiment were cross-validated on a group of 29 bank managers for whom detailed performance evaluation information was available. Again, tacit knowledge differences were related to criterion measures of job performance. Tacit knowledge was not related to verbal intelligence as measured by a standard verbal reasoning test. We conclude that a comprehensive theory of practical intelligence in real-world pursuits will encompass general aptitudes, formal knowledge, and tacit knowledge that is used in managing oneself, others, and one's career. Consider two observations. First, with surprising frequency, individuals with histories of distinguished performance in formal schooling are only moderately successful in their occupations, and conversely, individuals who are highly successful in their occupations have unremarkable academic records. Second, many professionals report that much, if not most, of the learning that matters to their careers took place after completion of their formal training. Comparing the relations between performance on IQ tests, on the one hand, and performance in schooling and in real-world pursuits, on the other, suggests there may be more than a hint of truth in these observations. Whereas IQ test scores are moderately correlated (.4-.7) with various measures ofread more
Citations
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Emotional intelligence meets traditional standards for an intelligence
TL;DR: The Multifactor Emotional Intelligence Scale (MEIS) as discussed by the authors is a 12-sub-scale ability test of emotional intelligence, which measures the ability of an individual with respect to a set of abilities.
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Causal Ambiguity, Barriers to Imitation, and Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Richard Reed,Robert DeFillippi +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, it is argued that tacitness, complexity, and specificity in a firm's skills and resources can generate causal ambiguity in competency-based advantage, and thus raise barriers to imitation.
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Ambiguity and the process of knowledge transfer in strategic alliances
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the role played by the "causally ambiguous" nature of knowledge in the process of knowledge transfer between strategic alliance partners and found that knowledge ambiguity is a mediator of tacitness, prior experience, complexity, cultural distance, and organizational distance.
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Self-control as limited resource: regulatory depletion patterns
TL;DR: A strength model of self-regulation fits the data better than activation, priming, skill, or constant capacity models ofSelf-regulation.
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The dynamics of proactivity at work
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TL;DR: In this paper, the authors develop a framework designed to generalize across specific manifestations of proactivity, describing the nature, dimensions, situational antecedents, psychological mechanisms, dispositional moderators, and consequences of proactive behavior.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Reflective Practitioner: How Professionals Think in Action
Barry Checkoway,Donald A. Schön +1 more
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Categorization and Representation of Physics Problems by Experts and Novices
TL;DR: Results from sorting tasks and protocols reveal that experts and novices begin their problem representations with specifiably different problem categories, and completion of the representations depends on the knowledge associated with the categories.
Journal ArticleDOI
Perception in chess
TL;DR: This article developed a technique for isolating and studying the perceptual structures that chess players perceive and analyzed the size and nature of these structures as a function of chess skill, and used the successive glances at the position in the perceptual task and long pauses in the memory task to segment the structures in the reconstruction protocol.
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The reflective practitioner : how professionals think in action
TL;DR: In this paper, the crisis of confidence in professional knowledge from technical rationality to reflection-in-action is discussed and its implications for the professions and their place in society are discussed.