Production, use, and fate of all plastics ever made
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
By identifying and synthesizing dispersed data on production, use, and end-of-life management of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives, this work presents the first global analysis of all mass-produced plastics ever manufactured.Abstract:
Plastics have outgrown most man-made materials and have long been under environmental scrutiny. However, robust global information, particularly about their end-of-life fate, is lacking. By identifying and synthesizing dispersed data on production, use, and end-of-life management of polymer resins, synthetic fibers, and additives, we present the first global analysis of all mass-produced plastics ever manufactured. We estimate that 8300 million metric tons (Mt) as of virgin plastics have been produced to date. As of 2015, approximately 6300 Mt of plastic waste had been generated, around 9% of which had been recycled, 12% was incinerated, and 79% was accumulated in landfills or the natural environment. If current production and waste management trends continue, roughly 12,000 Mt of plastic waste will be in landfills or in the natural environment by 2050.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Photodegradation Elevated the Toxicity of Polystyrene Microplastics to Grouper (Epinephelus moara) through Disrupting Hepatic Lipid Homeostasis.
TL;DR: PD-PS had the highest growth inhibition and lipidosis-driven hepatic lesions of grouper, followed by P-PS and C-PS, which was mainly explained by increased hepatic bioaccumulation of MPs/NPs and released endogenous toxicants.
Journal ArticleDOI
Use of recycled plastic as fine aggregate in cementitious composites: A review
Ibrahim Almeshal,Ibrahim Almeshal,Bassam A. Tayeh,Rayed Alyousef,Hisham Alabduljabbar,Abdeliazim Mustafa Mohamed,Abdulaziz Alaskar +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review paper summarizes the previous studies until 2019, discussing the use of recycled plastic aggregate as fine aggregate in cementitious composites and its impact on physical, mechanical properties and durability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Biodegradable Plastics: Standards, Policies, and Impacts
Layla Filiciotto,Gadi Rothenberg +1 more
TL;DR: A critical overview of the state of the art of biodegradable plastics is given and a personal outlook on the future of bioplastics is given, based on the author's own experience with their development and commercialization.
Journal ArticleDOI
Structure of the global plastic waste trade network and the impact of China’s import Ban
Chao Wang,Longfeng Zhao,Longfeng Zhao,Ming K. Lim,Ming K. Lim,Wei-Qiang Chen,John W. Sutherland +6 more
TL;DR: Li et al. as discussed by the authors analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of the global plastic waste trade networks and evaluated the direct and indirect impacts of China's plastic waste import ban on the GPWTNs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lightweight and tough nanocellular PP/PTFE nanocomposite foams with defect-free surfaces obtained using in situ nanofibrillation and nanocellular injection molding
TL;DR: In this paper, a novel strategy to prepare lightweight and tough polypropylene (PP)/polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanocomposite parts with defect-free surfaces by combining in situ fibrillation and nanocellular injection molding technologies was reported.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jenna Jambeck,Roland Geyer,Chris Wilcox,Theodore R. Siegler,Miriam E. Perryman,Anthony L. Andrady,Ramani Narayan,Kara Lavender Law +7 more
TL;DR: This work combines available data on solid waste with a model that uses population density and economic status to estimate the amount of land-based plastic waste entering the ocean, which is estimated to be 275 million metric tons.
Supplementary Materials for Plastic waste inputs from land into the ocean
Jenna Jambeck,Roland Geyer,Chris Wilcox,Theodore R. Siegler,Anthony L. Andrady,Ramani Narayan,Kara Lavender Law +6 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Accumulation and fragmentation of plastic debris in global environments.
TL;DR: Global plastics production and the accumulation of plastic waste are documented, showing that trends in mega- and macro-plastic accumulation rates are no longer uniformly increasing and that the average size of plastic particles in the environment seems to be decreasing.
What a Waste : A Global Review of Solid Waste Management
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors estimate that the amount of municipal solid waste (MSW) generated by urban populations is growing even faster than the rate of urbanization and that by 2025 this will likely increase to 4.3 billion urban residents.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microplastics in freshwater ecosystems: what we know and what we need to know
Martin Wagner,Christian Scherer,Diana Álvarez-Muñoz,Nicole Brennholt,Xavier Bourrain,Sebastian Buchinger,Elke Fries,Cécile Grosbois,Jörg Klasmeier,Teresa Marti,Sara Rodríguez-Mozaz,Ralph Urbatzka,A. Dick Vethaak,Margrethe Winther-Nielsen,Georg Reifferscheid +14 more
TL;DR: To assess the environmental risk associated with microplastics, comprehensive data on their abundance, fate, sources, and biological effects in freshwater ecosystems are needed.