Journal ArticleDOI
Psychological autopsy studies of suicide: a systematic review.
TLDR
In this paper, a systematic review aimed to examine the results of studies of suicide that used a psychological autopsy method, which offers the most direct technique currently available for examining the relationship between particular antecedents and suicide.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: The psychological autopsy method offers the most direct technique currently available for examining the relationship between particular antecedents and suicide. This systematic review aimed to examine the results of studies of suicide that used a psychological autopsy method. METHOD: A computer aided search of MEDLINE, BIDS ISI and PSYCHLIT, supplemented by reports known to the reviewers and reports identified from the reference lists of other retrieved reports. Two investigators systematically and independently examined all reports. Median proportions were determined and population attributable fractions were calculated, where possible, in cases of suicide and controls. RESULTS: One hundred and fifty-four reports were identified, of which 76 met the criteria for inclusion; 54 were case series and 22 were case-control studies. The median proportion of cases with mental disorder was 91% (95 % CI 81-98%) in the case series. In the case-control studies the figure was 90% (88-95%) in the cases and 27% (14-48%) in the controls. Co-morbid mental disorder and substance abuse also preceded suicide in more cases (38%, 19-57%) than controls (6%, 0-13%). The population attributable fraction for mental disorder ranged from 47-74% in the seven studies in which it could be calculated. The effects of particular disorders and sociological variables have been insufficiently studied to draw clear conclusions. CONCLUSIONS: The results indicated that mental disorder was the most strongly associated variable of those that have been studied. Further studies should focus on specific disorders and psychosocial factors. Suicide prevention strategies may be most effective if focused on the treatment of mental disorders. Language: enread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Interpersonal Theory of Suicide
Kimberly A. Van Orden,Tracy K. Witte,Kelly C. Cukrowicz,Scott R. Braithwaite,Edward A. Selby,Thomas E. Joiner +5 more
TL;DR: The theory is proposed that the most dangerous form of suicidal desire is caused by the simultaneous presence of two interpersonal constructs-thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness (and hopelessness about these states)-and further that the capability to engage in suicidal behavior is separate from the desire to engageIn suicidal behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
No health without mental health.
Martin Prince,Vikram Patel,Shekhar Saxena,Mario Maj,Joanna Maselko,Michael R. Phillips,Atif Rahman +6 more
TL;DR: Mental health affects progress towards the achievement of several Millennium Development Goals, such as promotion of gender equality and empowerment of women, reduction of child mortality, improvement of maternal health, and reversal of the spread of HIV/AIDS.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide and Suicidal Behavior
Matthew K. Nock,Guilherme Borges,Guilherme Borges,Evelyn J. Bromet,Christine B. Cha,Ronald C. Kessler,Sangkeun Lee +6 more
TL;DR: Examination of prevalence of, trends in, and risk and protective factors for suicidal behavior in the United States and cross-nationally revealed significant cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behavior but consistency in age of onset, transition probabilities, and key risk factors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cross-National Prevalence and Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation, Plans, and Attempts
Matthew K. Nock,Guilherme Borges,Evelyn J. Bromet,Jordi Alonso,Matthias C. Angermeyer,Annette L. Beautrais,Ronny Bruffaerts,Wai Tat Chiu,Giovanni de Girolamo,Semyon Gluzman,Ron de Graaf,Oye Gureje,Josep Maria Haro,Yueqin Huang,Elie G. Karam,Ronald C. Kessler,Jean Pierre Lepine,Daphna Levinson,María Elena Medina-Mora,Yutaka Ono,Jose Posada-Villa,David R. Williams +21 more
TL;DR: There is cross-national variability in the prevalence of suicidal behaviours, but strong consistency in the characteristics and risk factors for these behaviours.
Journal ArticleDOI
Non-suicidal self-injury among adolescents: diagnostic correlates and relation to suicide attempts.
Matthew K. Nock,Thomas E. Joiner,Kathryn H. Gordon,Elizabeth E. Lloyd-Richardson,Mitchell J. Prinstein +4 more
TL;DR: The findings demonstrate the diagnostic heterogeneity of adolescents engaging in NSSI, highlight the significant overlap between N SSI and suicide attempts, and provide a point of departure for future research aimed at elucidating the relations between non-suicidal and suicidal self-injury.
References
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Book
The strategy of preventive medicine
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the relation of risk to exposure, prevention for individuals and the 'high-risk' strategy, and the population strategy of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Hundred Cases of Suicide: Clinical Aspects
TL;DR: Two recent American studies have shown more than 90 per cent of suicides to be mentally ill before their death, and the familiar clinical observation that suicidal thoughts disappear when the illness is successfully treated provide a strong case for a medical policy of prevention.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychiatric Diagnosis in Child and Adolescent Suicide
David Shaffer,Madelyn S. Gould,Prudence W. Fisher,Paul D. Trautman,Donna Moreau,Marjorie Kleinman,Michael Flory +6 more
TL;DR: A limited range of diagnoses--most commonly a mood disorder alone or in combination with conduct disorder and/or substance abuse--characterizes most suicides among teenagers.
Journal ArticleDOI
Spurious precision? Meta-analysis of observational studies.
TL;DR: A Medline search identified 566 articles published in 1995 and indexed with the medical subject heading (MeSH) term “meta-analysis” and randomly selected 100 articles, finding about half were based on observational studies, mainly cohort and case-control studies of medical interventions or aetiological associations.
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