Journal ArticleDOI
Pursuing reliable thermal analysis techniques for energetic materials: decomposition kinetics and thermal stability of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50)
Nikita V. Muravyev,Konstantin A. Monogarov,Andrey F. Asachenko,Mikhail S. Nechaev,Ivan V. Ananyev,Igor V. Fomenkov,Vitaly G. Kiselev,Alla N. Pivkina +7 more
TLDR
This study revealed that none of the Arrhenius parameters reported before can properly describe the complex two-stage decomposition process of TKX-50, and showed the superior performance of the isoconversional methods combined with isothermal measurements, which yielded the most reliable kinetic parameters of TkX- 50 thermolysis.Abstract:
Thermal decomposition of a novel promising high-performance explosive dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) was studied using a number of thermal analysis techniques (thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and accelerating rate calorimetry, ARC). To obtain more comprehensive insight into the kinetics and mechanism of TKX-50 decomposition, a variety of complementary thermoanalytical experiments were performed under various conditions. Non-isothermal and isothermal kinetics were obtained at both atmospheric and low (up to 0.3 Torr) pressures. The gas products of thermolysis were detected in situ using IR spectroscopy, and the structure of solid-state decomposition products was determined by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Diammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (ABTOX) was directly identified to be the most important intermediate of the decomposition process. The important role of bistetrazole diol (BTO) in the mechanism of TKX-50 decomposition was also rationalized by thermolysis experiments with mixtures of TKX-50 and BTO. Several widely used thermoanalytical data processing techniques (Kissinger, isoconversional, formal kinetic approaches, etc.) were independently benchmarked against the ARC data, which are more germane to the real storage and application conditions of energetic materials. Our study revealed that none of the Arrhenius parameters reported before can properly describe the complex two-stage decomposition process of TKX-50. In contrast, we showed the superior performance of the isoconversional methods combined with isothermal measurements, which yielded the most reliable kinetic parameters of TKX-50 thermolysis. In contrast with the existing reports, the thermal stability of TKX-50 was determined in the ARC experiments to be lower than that of hexogen, but close to that of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL-20).read more
Citations
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Critical Appraisal of Kinetic Calculation Methods Applied to Overlapping Multistep Reactions.
TL;DR: The model-fitting approach using simultaneously TG and DSC data was found to be the most useful for the complex processes assumed in the study, and mathematical and kinetic deconvolution approaches and formal kinetic description were highlighted.
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Assessments of pyrolysis kinetics and mechanisms of biomass residues using thermogravimetry
Mumee Gogoi,Kaberijyoti Konwar,Nilutpal Bhuyan,Ramesh Chandra Borah,Alok Chandra Kalita,Hari Prasad Nath,Nabajyoti Saikia +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors assessed the pyrolysis kinetics and mechanisms of two biomass residues (SB1 and SB2) by using thermogravimetric techniques.
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Pyrazol-triazole energetic hybrid with high thermal stability and decreased sensitivity: facile synthesis, characterization and promising performance
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Kinetic analysis of overlapping multistep thermal decomposition comprising exothermic and endothermic processes: thermolysis of ammonium dinitramide
TL;DR: The thermal decomposition of ADN was successfully modeled as partially overlapping exothermic and endothermic reaction steps using kinetic deconvolution analysis to demonstrate the validity of the methodology and its applicability to similar complex reaction processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity of energetic materials: Evidence of thermodynamic factor on a large array of CHNOFCl compounds
Nikita V. Muravyev,Dmitry B. Meerov,Konstantin A. Monogarov,Igor N. Melnikov,Ekaterina K. Kosareva,Leonid L. Fershtat,Aleksei B. Sheremetev,Igor L. Dalinger,Igor V. Fomenkov,Alla N. Pivkina +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, an experimental database on thermal stability, impact, and friction sensitivity for 150 CHNOFCl compounds is presented, and a new parameter, safety factor, is proposed to combine two types of sensitivity data.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Pushing the limits of energetic materials – the synthesis and characterization of dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate
TL;DR: The safe preparation and characterization of a new explosive dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) that outperforms all other commonly used explosive materials is detailed in this paper.