Journal ArticleDOI
Reaction pathways for the deoxygenation of vegetable oils and related model compounds.
Robert W. Gosselink,Stefan A. W. Hollak,Shu-Wei Chang,Jacco van Haveren,Krijn P. de Jong,Johannes H. Bitter,Daan S. van Es +6 more
TLDR
It is shown that the type of catalyst has a significant effect on the deoxygenation pathway, that is, group 10 metal catalysts are active in decarbonylation/decarboxylation whereas metal sulfide catalyststs are more selective to hydrode oxygengenation.Abstract:
Vegetable oil-based feeds are regarded as an alternative source for the production of fuels and chemicals. Paraffins and olefins can be produced from these feeds through catalytic deoxygenation. The fundamentals of this process are mostly studied by using model compounds such as fatty acids, fatty acid esters, and specific triglycerides because of their structural similarity to vegetable oils. In this Review we discuss the impact of feedstock, reaction conditions, and nature of the catalyst on the reaction pathways of the deoxygenation of vegetable oils and its derivatives. As such, we conclude on the suitability of model compounds for this reaction. It is shown that the type of catalyst has a significant effect on the deoxygenation pathway, that is, group 10 metal catalysts are active in decarbonylation/decarboxylation whereas metal sulfide catalysts are more selective to hydrodeoxygenation. Deoxygenation studies performed under H2 showed similar pathways for fatty acids, fatty acid esters, triglycerides, and vegetable oils, as mostly deoxygenation occurs indirectly via the formation of fatty acids. Deoxygenation in the absence of H2 results in significant differences in reaction pathways and selectivities depending on the feedstock. Additionally, using unsaturated feedstocks under inert gas results in a high selectivity to undesired reactions such as cracking and the formation of heavies. Therefore, addition of H2 is proposed to be essential for the catalytic deoxygenation of vegetable oil feeds.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Potential and challenges of zeolite chemistry in the catalytic conversion of biomass
Thijs Ennaert,Joost Van Aelst,Jan Dijkmans,Rik De Clercq,Wouter Schutyser,Michiel Dusselier,Danny Verboekend,Bert F. Sels +7 more
TL;DR: The application of zeolites, equipped with a variety of active sites, in Brønsted acid, Lewis acid, or multifunctional catalysed reactions is discussed and generalised to provide a comprehensive overview.
Journal ArticleDOI
Development of nickel based catalysts for the transformation of natural triglycerides and related compounds into green diesel: a critical review
Christos Kordulis,Christos Kordulis,Kyriakos Bourikas,Mantha Gousi,Eleana Kordouli,Alexis Lycourghiotis +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed the contributions relevant to each one of the aforementioned subjects for obtaining a synthetic picture concerning the progress pointed out so far and the future perspectives as well.
Journal ArticleDOI
Rational control of nano-scale metal-catalysts for biomass conversion
Yunzhu Wang,Sudipta De,Ning Yan +2 more
TL;DR: The rational control of the size, shape, composition and surface properties of nano-scale metal catalysts in the transformation of cellulose, chitin, lignin and lipids has been critically discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Roles of monometallic catalysts in hydrodeoxygenation of palm oil to green diesel.
Atthapon Srifa,Atthapon Srifa,Kajornsak Faungnawakij,Vorranutch Itthibenchapong,Suttichai Assabumrungrat +4 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the deoxygenation of palm oil to green diesel was performed in a trickle-bed reactor over four γ-Al 2 O 3 -supported monometallic catalysts (Co, Ni, Pd, and Pt).
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of Tungsten and Molybdenum Carbide Catalysts for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Oleic Acid
Stefan A. W. Hollak,Robert W. Gosselink,Daan S. van Es,Johannes H. Bitter,Johannes H. Bitter +4 more
TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of carbon nanofiber-supported W2C and Mo2C catalysts on activity, selectivity, and stability for the hydrodeoxygenation of oleic acid to evaluate the catalytic potential for the upgrading of fat/oil feeds was performed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Transforming Triglycerides and Fatty Acids into Biofuels
Siswati Lestari,Siswati Lestari,Päivi Mäki-Arvela,Jorge Beltramini,G. Q. Max Lu,Dmitry Yu. Murzin +5 more
TL;DR: The physical and chemical properties of these fatty acids and triglycerides are discussed, including the link to their sources and current availability to meet fuel demands, and the current technologies for converting triglycerides into fuels are covered.
Journal ArticleDOI
Food and fuel for all: realistic or foolish?
Kenneth G. Cassman,Adam J. Liska +1 more
TL;DR: In 2005, few would have predicted the current revolution in global agriculture that is being driven by a sudden rise in the price of petroleum and a rapid expansion of global biofuel production from grain, sugar, and oilseed crops as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Catalytic hydrothermal deoxygenation of palmitic acid
TL;DR: In this paper, two heterogeneous catalysts, 5% platinum on activated carbon (Pt/C) and 5% palladium on activated Carbon (Pd/C), proved to be very effective for hydrothermal deoxygenation of palmitic acid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hydrothermal decarboxylation and hydrogenation of fatty acids over Pt/C.
TL;DR: This hydrothermal decarboxylation route represents a new path for using renewable resources to make molecules with value as liquid transportation fuels and promotes in situ H(2) formation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Renewable Diesel Production from the Hydrotreating of Rapeseed Oil with Pt/Zeolite and NiMo/Al2O3 Catalysts
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the performance of three types of bifunctional catalysts: Pt/H-Y, Pt/ZSM-5, and sulfided NiMo/γ-Al2O3.