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Refractive index measurements of photo-resists for three-dimensional direct laser writing

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TLDR
In this paper, the authors characterize 5 photoresists that are used with femtosecond 3D direct laser writers, namely IP-S, IP-Dip, IPL, IPG, and OrmoComp with a modified and automized Pulfrich refractometer setup, utilizing critical angles of total internal reflection.
Abstract
Femtosecond 3D printing is an important technology for manufacturing of nano- and microscopic devices and elements. Crucial for the design of such structures is the detailed knowledge of the refractive index in the visible and near-infrared spectral range and its dispersion. Here, we characterize 5 photoresists that are used with femtosecond 3D direct laser writers, namely IP-S, IP-Dip, IP-L, IP-G, and OrmoComp with a modified and automized Pulfrich refractometer setup, utilizing critical angles of total internal reflection. We achieve an accuracy of 5⋅10−4 and reference our values to a BK-7 glass plate. We also give Abbe numbers and Schott Catalog numbers of the different resists. Their refractive indices are in the 1.49-1.57 range, while their Abbe numbers are in the range between 35 and 51.

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Citations
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Optical properties of photoresists for femtosecond 3D printing: refractive index, extinction, luminescence-dose dependence, aging, heat treatment and comparison between 1-photon and 2-photon exposure

TL;DR: In this paper, a modified and automized Pulfrich refractometer setup was used for the analysis of the dispersion in the visible and near-infrared spectral range.
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References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Two-photon direct laser writing of ultracompact multi-lens objectives

TL;DR: Femtosecond two-photon direct laser writing was used to create 100µm-scale high-performance multi-lens objectives in this paper, where the authors used a two-phase direct laser writer.
Journal ArticleDOI

Three-dimensional optical laser lithography beyond the diffraction limit

TL;DR: In this article, a review of approaches aiming at translating this success in optical microscopy to optical lithography is presented, and basic principles and limitations, possible depletion mechanisms and recent lithography experiments by various groups are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI

Photonic metamaterials by direct laser writing and silver chemical vapor deposition

TL;DR: In this article, planar magnetic photonic metamaterials were fabricated via direct laser writing and silver chemical vapor deposition, an approach which is also suitable for three-dimensional structures, revealing the importance of bi-anisotropy.
Journal ArticleDOI

Sub-micrometre accurate free-form optics by three-dimensional printing on single-mode fibres

TL;DR: 3D printing of microoptics can achieve sufficient performance that will allow for rapid prototyping and production of beam-shaping and imaging devices, and finds excellent agreement with numerical calculations.
Journal ArticleDOI

3D-printed eagle eye: Compound microlens system for foveated imaging.

TL;DR: This work presents a highly miniaturized camera, mimicking the natural vision of predators, by 3D-printing different multilens objectives directly onto a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor.
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