Relationship of plasma polyunsaturated fatty acids to circulating inflammatory markers.
Luigi Ferrucci,Antonio Cherubini,Stefania Bandinelli,Benedetta Bartali,Annamaria Corsi,Fulvio Lauretani,Antonio Martin,Cristina Andres-Lacueva,Umberto Senin,Jack M. Guralnik +9 more
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TLDR
The notion that n-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in patients affected by diseases characterized by active inflammation is supported, as well as the fact that PUFAs were independently associated with lower levels of proinflammatory markers and higher levels of antiinflammatory markers independent of confounders.Abstract:
Aims: Persons with high intake of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have lower cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The protective effect of PUFAs is mediated by multiple mechanisms, including their antiinflammatory properties. The association of physiological PUFA levels with pro- and antiinflammatory markers has not been established. Methods and Results: In 1123 persons (aged 20–98 yr), we examined the relationship between relative concentration of fatty acids in fasting plasma and level of inflammatory markers. Adjusting for age, sex, and major confounders, lower arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids were associated with significantly higher IL-6 and IL-1ra and significantly lower TGF. Lower -linolenic acid was associated with higherC-reactiveproteinandIL-1ra,andlowereicosapentaenoicacid was associated with higher IL-6 and lower TGF. Lower docosahexaenoic acid was strongly associated with lower IL-10. Total n-3 fatty acids were associated with lower IL-6 (P 0.005), IL-1ra (P 0.004), and TNF (P 0.040) and higher soluble IL-6r (P 0.001), IL-10 (P 0.024), and TGF (P 0.0012). Lower n-6 fatty acid levels weresignificantlyassociatedwithhigherIL-1ra(P0.026)andlower TGF(P0.014).Then-6ton-3ratiowasastrong,negativecorrelate of IL-10. Findings were similar in participants free of cardiovascular diseases and after excluding lipids from covariates. Conclusions: In this community-based sample, PUFAs, and especially total n-3 fatty acids, were independently associated with lower levels of proinflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-1ra, TNF, C-reactive protein) and higher levels of antiinflammatory markers (soluble IL6r, IL-10, TGF) independent of confounders. Our findings support the notion that n-3 fatty acids may be beneficial in patients affected by diseases characterized by active inflammation. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 91: 439–446, 2006)read more
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The Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Cardiovascular Disease and Other Chronic Diseases
TL;DR: A lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is more desirable in reducing the risk of many of the chronic diseases of high prevalence in Western societies, as well as in the developing countries.
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Omega-3 fatty acids and cardiovascular disease: effects on risk factors, molecular pathways, and clinical events.
TL;DR: Overall, current data provide strong concordant evidence that n-3 PUFA are bioactive compounds that reduce risk of cardiac death.
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Effects on Coronary Heart Disease of Increasing Polyunsaturated Fat in Place of Saturated Fat: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
TL;DR: Dariush Mozaffarian and colleagues conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate the effect of consuming polyunsaturated fats in place of saturated fats for lowering the risk of coronary heart disease.
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Evolutionary aspects of diet, the omega-6/omega-3 ratio and genetic variation: nutritional implications for chronic diseases.
TL;DR: A lower ratio of omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is needed for the prevention and management of chronic diseases, particularly in persons with genetic variation.
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Fatty acids from fish: the anti-inflammatory potential of long-chain omega-3 fatty acids
TL;DR: Research has shown that reductions may be achieved in the incidence of many chronic diseases that involve inflammatory processes; most notably, these include cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis, but psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses are other examples.
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