Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: long-term follow-up study of 11 583 patients
Daniel Louis Zahl,Keith Hawton +1 more
TLDR
Repetition of DSH is associated with an increased risk of suicide in males and females and may be a better indicator of risk in females, especially young females.Abstract:
Background Repetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a risk factor
for suicide. Little information is available on the risk for specific groups
of people who deliberately harm themselves repeatedly. Aims To investigate the long-term risk of suicide associated with
repetition of DSH by gender, age and frequency of repetition. Method A mortality follow-up study to the year 2000 was conducted on
11 583 people who presented to the general hospital in Oxford between 1978 and
1997. Repetition of DSH was determined from reported episodes prior to the
index episode and episodes presenting to the same hospital during the
follow-up period. Deaths were identified through national registers. Results Thirty-nine per cent of patients repeated the DSH. They were
at greater relative risk of suicide than the single-episode DSH group (2.24;
95% CI 1.77–2.84). The relative risk of suicide in the repeated DSH
group compared with the single-episode DSH group was greater in females (3.5;
95% CI 1.3–2.4) than males (1.8; 95% CI 2.3–5.3) and was inversely
related to age (up to 54 years). Suicide risk increased further with multiple
repeat episodes of DSH in females. Conclusions Repetition of DSH is associated with an increased risk
of suicide in males and females. Repetition may be a better indicator of risk
in females, especially young females.read more
Citations
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Tracking Suicide Risk Factors Through Twitter in the US
Jared Jashinsky,Scott H. Burton,Carl L. Hanson,Josh West,Christophe Giraud-Carrier,Michael D. Barnes,Trenton Argyle +6 more
TL;DR: Twitter may be a viable tool for real-time monitoring of suicide risk factors on a large scale and demonstrates that individuals who are at risk for suicide may be detected through social media.
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Attitudes and knowledge of clinical staff regarding people who self-harm: A systematic review
TL;DR: Attitudes of general hospital staff towards self-harm patients are often negative, mirroring the experience of service users, and interventions can have a positive impact and improve the quality of patient care.
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Antidepressant treatment and the risk of fatal and non-fatal self harm in first episode depression: nested case-control study
Carlos Martinez,Stephan Rietbrock,Lesley Wise,Deborah Ashby,Jonathan Chick,Jane Moseley,Stephen J. W. Evans,David Gunnell +7 more
TL;DR: There is some weak evidence of an increased risk of non-fatal self harm for current SSRI use among those aged 18 or younger, but preferential prescribing of SSRIs to patients at higher risk of suicidal behaviour cannot be ruled out.
Journal Article
Prevention of suicide and attempted suicide in Denmark. Epidemiological studies of suicide and intervention studies in selected risk groups.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors investigated the effect of restrictions in access to barbiturates, dextropropoxyphen, domestic gas and car exhaust with high content of carbon monoxide on suicide risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Psychosocial interventions for self‐harm in adults
Keith Hawton,Katrina Witt,Tatiana Taylor Salisbury,Ella Arensman,David Gunnell,Philip Hazell,Ellen Townsend,Kees van Heeringen +7 more
TL;DR: There was a significant treatment effect for CBT-based psychotherapy compared to TAU at final follow-up in terms of fewer participants repeating SH, but for interventions typically delivered to individuals with a history of multiple episodes of SH/probable personality disorder, group-based emotion-regulation psychotherapy and mentalisation were associated with significantly reduced repetition.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm. Systematic review.
TL;DR: In this paper, a systematic review of published follow-up data from observational and experimental studies was conducted to estimate rates of fatal and non-fatal repetition of self-harm.
Book
The International Handbook of Suicide and Attempted Suicide
Keith Hawton,Kees van Heeringen +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, Hawton and van Heeringen studied suicide in the Western world and found that suicidal ideation and behaviour is associated with depression and substance abuse, and the most common causes of suicide are depression and self-harm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide following deliberate self-harm: long-term follow-up of patients who presented to a general hospital
TL;DR: Following DSH there is a significant and persistent risk of suicide, which varies markedly between genders and age groups, and reduction in the risk of Suicide must be a key element in national suicide prevention strategies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suicide, and other causes of death, following attempted suicide.
Keith Hawton,Joan Fagg +1 more
TL;DR: The number of deaths in a large series of suicide attempters followed up after their attempts was 3.3 times greater than expected and factors identified at the time of the attempts which were associated with suicide risk included being male, advancing age, psychiatric disorder, long-term use of hypnotics, poor physical health, and repeat attempts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Survival plots of time-to-event outcomes in clinical trials: good practice and pitfalls.
TL;DR: Specific issues are: should plots go up or down, how far in time to extend the plot, showing the extent of follow-up, displaying statistical uncertainty by including SEs or CIS, and exercising caution when interpreting the shape of plots and the time-pattern of treatment difference.
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