Repetition of deliberate self-harm and subsequent suicide risk: long-term follow-up study of 11 583 patients
Daniel Louis Zahl,Keith Hawton +1 more
TLDR
Repetition of DSH is associated with an increased risk of suicide in males and females and may be a better indicator of risk in females, especially young females.Abstract:
Background Repetition of deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a risk factor
for suicide. Little information is available on the risk for specific groups
of people who deliberately harm themselves repeatedly. Aims To investigate the long-term risk of suicide associated with
repetition of DSH by gender, age and frequency of repetition. Method A mortality follow-up study to the year 2000 was conducted on
11 583 people who presented to the general hospital in Oxford between 1978 and
1997. Repetition of DSH was determined from reported episodes prior to the
index episode and episodes presenting to the same hospital during the
follow-up period. Deaths were identified through national registers. Results Thirty-nine per cent of patients repeated the DSH. They were
at greater relative risk of suicide than the single-episode DSH group (2.24;
95% CI 1.77–2.84). The relative risk of suicide in the repeated DSH
group compared with the single-episode DSH group was greater in females (3.5;
95% CI 1.3–2.4) than males (1.8; 95% CI 2.3–5.3) and was inversely
related to age (up to 54 years). Suicide risk increased further with multiple
repeat episodes of DSH in females. Conclusions Repetition of DSH is associated with an increased risk
of suicide in males and females. Repetition may be a better indicator of risk
in females, especially young females.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Rebuilding the Tower of Babel: A Revised Nomenclature for the Study of Suicide and Suicidal Behaviors Part 2: Suicide‐Related Ideations, Communications, and Behaviors
TL;DR: A revised and refined version of the O'Carroll et al. (1996) nomenclature for suicidology is presented, with a focus on suicide-related ideations, communications, and behaviors, and it would be highly desirable that the set of definitions and the associated terminology be explicit and generalizable.
Journal ArticleDOI
Hospital Presenting Self-Harm and Risk of Fatal and Non-Fatal Repetition: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
TL;DR: The incidence of repeat self-harm and suicide in this population has not changed in over 10 years and heterogeneity should be considered when evaluating interventions aimed at reducing non-fatal repeatSelf-harm.
Journal ArticleDOI
Risk factors and correlates of deliberate self-harm behavior: A systematic review
TL;DR: Despite many findings of correlates, the data do not yet justify terming them risk factors, and longitudinal studies are needed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Suicidal Behavior and Alcohol Abuse
Maurizio Pompili,Gianluca Serafini,Marco Innamorati,Giovanni Dominici,Stefano Ferracuti,Giorgio D. Kotzalidis,Giulia Serra,Paolo Girardi,Luigi Janiri,Roberto Tatarelli,Leo Sher,David Lester +11 more
TL;DR: Evidence of the relationship between alcohol use and suicide through a search of MedLine and PsychInfo electronic databases is reviewed and multiple genetically-related intermediate phenotypes might influence the relationshipBetween alcohol and suicide.
Journal ArticleDOI
Predicting suicide following self-harm: systematic review of risk factors and risk scales.
Melissa Chan,Henna Bhatti,Nicholas Meader,Sarah Stockton,Jonathan Evans,Rory C. O'Connor,Nav Kapur,Tim Kendall +7 more
TL;DR: The first systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies of risk factors and risk assessment scales to predict suicide following self-harm found no scales have sufficient evidence to support their use and are unlikely to be of much practical use.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Trends in deliberate self-harm in Oxford, 1985-1995. Implications for clinical services and the prevention of suicide.
TL;DR: The increase in DSH rates, especially in young males, has important implications for general hospital DSH and medical services and may herald a reversal of recent progress towards achievement of national suicide targets.
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Keith Hawton,Joan Fagg +1 more
TL;DR: Rates of attempted suicide declined in the 1970s and early 1980s, in women, but there are probably at least 100,000 hospital referrals a year in England and Wales because of this problem, and psychosocial assessment should be conducted with as many of those who attempt suicide as possible.
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Journal Article
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TL;DR: For the first time since 1911, male suicide rates have been rising at a time when female suicide rates had been falling as discussed by the authors, and the age distribution of suicides has also changed to the extent that males aged under 45 are now more at risk than older males whose rates have fallen.
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