Journal ArticleDOI
An obesity-associated gut microbiome with increased capacity for energy harvest
Peter J. Turnbaugh,Ruth E. Ley,Michael A. Mahowald,Vincent Magrini,Elaine R. Mardis,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
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TLDR
It is demonstrated through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that changes in the relative abundance of the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota and indicates that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet.Abstract:
The worldwide obesity epidemic is stimulating efforts to identify host and environmental factors that affect energy balance. Comparisons of the distal gut microbiota of genetically obese mice and their lean littermates, as well as those of obese and lean human volunteers have revealed that obesity is associated with changes in the relative abundance of the two dominant bacterial divisions, the Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes. Here we demonstrate through metagenomic and biochemical analyses that these changes affect the metabolic potential of the mouse gut microbiota. Our results indicate that the obese microbiome has an increased capacity to harvest energy from the diet. Furthermore, this trait is transmissible: colonization of germ-free mice with an 'obese microbiota' results in a significantly greater increase in total body fat than colonization with a 'lean microbiota'. These results identify the gut microbiota as an additional contributing factor to the pathophysiology of obesity.read more
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A human gut microbial gene catalogue established by metagenomic sequencing
Junjie Qin,Ruiqiang Li,Jeroen Raes,Manimozhiyan Arumugam,Kristoffer Sølvsten Burgdorf,Chaysavanh Manichanh,Trine Nielsen,Nicolas Pons,Florence Levenez,Takuji Yamada,Daniel R. Mende,Junhua Li,Junming Xu,Shaochuan Li,Dongfang Li,Jianjun Cao,Bo Wang,Huiqing Liang,Huisong Zheng,Yinlong Xie,Julien Tap,Patricia Lepage,Marcelo Bertalan,Jean-Michel Batto,Torben Hansen,Denis Le Paslier,Allan Linneberg,H. Bjørn Nielsen,Eric Pelletier,Pierre Renault,Thomas Sicheritz-Pontén,Keith Turner,Hongmei Zhu,Chang Yu,Shengting Li,Min Jian,Yan Zhou,Yingrui Li,Xiuqing Zhang,Songgang Li,Nan Qin,Huanming Yang,Jian Wang,Søren Brunak,Joël Doré,Francisco Guarner,Karsten Kristiansen,Oluf Pedersen,Julian Parkhill,Jean Weissenbach,Peer Bork,S. Dusko Ehrlich,Jun Wang +52 more
TL;DR: The Illumina-based metagenomic sequencing, assembly and characterization of 3.3 million non-redundant microbial genes, derived from 576.7 gigabases of sequence, from faecal samples of 124 European individuals are described, indicating that the entire cohort harbours between 1,000 and 1,150 prevalent bacterial species and each individual at least 160 such species.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013
Marie Ng,Tom P Fleming,Margaret Robinson,Blake Thomson,Nicholas Graetz,Christopher Margono,Erin C Mullany,Stan Biryukov,Cristiana Abbafati,Semaw Ferede Abera,Jerry Abraham,Niveen M E Abu-Rmeileh,Tom Achoki,Fadia AlBuhairan,Zewdie Aderaw Alemu,Rafael Alfonso,Mohammed K. Ali,Raghib Ali,Nelson Alvis Guzmán,Walid Ammar,Palwasha Anwari,Amitava Banerjee,Simón Barquera,Sanjay Basu,Derrick A Bennett,Zulfiqar A Bhutta,Jed D. Blore,N Cabral,Ismael Ricardo Campos Nonato,Jung-Chen Chang,Rajiv Chowdhury,Karen J. Courville,Michael H. Criqui,David K. Cundiff,Kaustubh Dabhadkar,Lalit Dandona,Lalit Dandona,Adrian Davis,Anand Dayama,Samath D Dharmaratne,Eric L. Ding,Adnan M. Durrani,Alireza Esteghamati,Farshad Farzadfar,Derek F J Fay,Valery L. Feigin,Abraham D. Flaxman,Mohammad H. Forouzanfar,Atsushi Goto,Mark A. Green,Rajeev Gupta,Nima Hafezi-Nejad,Graeme J. Hankey,Heather Harewood,Rasmus Havmoeller,Simon I. Hay,Lucia Hernandez,Abdullatif Husseini,Bulat Idrisov,Nayu Ikeda,Farhad Islami,Eiman Jahangir,Simerjot K. Jassal,Sun Ha Jee,Mona Jeffreys,Jost B. Jonas,Edmond K. Kabagambe,Shams Eldin Ali Hassan Khalifa,Andre Pascal Kengne,Yousef Khader,Young-Ho Khang,Daniel Kim,Ruth W Kimokoti,Jonas Minet Kinge,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Soewarta Kosen,Gene F. Kwan,Taavi Lai,Mall Leinsalu,Yichong Li,Xiaofeng Liang,Shiwei Liu,Giancarlo Logroscino,Paulo A. Lotufo,Yuan Qiang Lu,Jixiang Ma,Nana Kwaku Mainoo,George A. Mensah,Tony R. Merriman,Ali H. Mokdad,Joanna Moschandreas,Mohsen Naghavi,Aliya Naheed,Devina Nand,K.M. Venkat Narayan,Erica Leigh Nelson,Marian L. Neuhouser,Muhammad Imran Nisar,Takayoshi Ohkubo,Samuel Oti,Andrea Pedroza,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Nobhojit Roy,Uchechukwu K.A. Sampson,Hyeyoung Seo,Sadaf G. Sepanlou,Kenji Shibuya,Rahman Shiri,Ivy Shiue,Gitanjali M Singh,Jasvinder A. Singh,Vegard Skirbekk,Nicolas J. C. Stapelberg,Lela Sturua,Bryan L. Sykes,Martin Tobias,Bach Xuan Tran,Leonardo Trasande,Hideaki Toyoshima,Steven van de Vijver,Tommi Vasankari,J. Lennert Veerman,Gustavo Velasquez-Melendez,Vasiliy Victorovich Vlassov,Stein Emil Vollset,Stein Emil Vollset,Theo Vos,Claire L. Wang,Xiao Rong Wang,Elisabete Weiderpass,Andrea Werdecker,Jonathan L. Wright,Y Claire Yang,Hiroshi Yatsuya,Jihyun Yoon,Seok Jun Yoon,Yong Zhao,Maigeng Zhou,Shankuan Zhu,Alan D. Lopez,Christopher J L Murray,Emmanuela Gakidou +141 more
TL;DR: The global, regional, and national prevalence of overweight and obesity in children and adults during 1980-2013 is estimated using a spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression model to estimate prevalence with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Journal ArticleDOI
Metagenomic biomarker discovery and explanation
Nicola Segata,Jacques Izard,Jacques Izard,Levi Waldron,Dirk Gevers,Larisa Miropolsky,Wendy S. Garrett,Curtis Huttenhower +7 more
TL;DR: A new method for metagenomic biomarker discovery is described and validates by way of class comparison, tests of biological consistency and effect size estimation to address the challenge of finding organisms, genes, or pathways that consistently explain the differences between two or more microbial communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
Diet rapidly and reproducibly alters the human gut microbiome
Lawrence A. David,Corinne F. Maurice,Rachel N. Carmody,David B. Gootenberg,Julie E. Button,Benjamin E. Wolfe,Alisha V. Ling,A. Sloan Devlin,Yug Varma,Michael A. Fischbach,Sudha B. Biddinger,Rachel J. Dutton,Peter J. Turnbaugh +12 more
TL;DR: Increases in the abundance and activity of Bilophila wadsworthia on the animal-based diet support a link between dietary fat, bile acids and the outgrowth of microorganisms capable of triggering inflammatory bowel disease.
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial ecology: Human gut microbes associated with obesity
TL;DR: It is shown that the relative proportion of Bacteroidetes is decreased in obese people by comparison with lean people, and that this proportion increases with weight loss on two types of low-calorie diet.
Journal ArticleDOI
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Journal ArticleDOI
Obesity alters gut microbial ecology
Ruth E. Ley,Fredrik Bäckhed,Peter J. Turnbaugh,Catherine A. Lozupone,Robin D. Knight,Jeffrey I. Gordon +5 more
TL;DR: Analysis of the microbiota of genetically obese ob/ob mice, lean ob/+ and wild-type siblings, and their ob/+ mothers, all fed the same polysaccharide-rich diet, indicates that obesity affects the diversity of the gut microbiota and suggests that intentional manipulation of community structure may be useful for regulating energy balance in obese individuals.
Journal ArticleDOI
The gut microbiota as an environmental factor that regulates fat storage
Fredrik Bäckhed,Hao Ding,Hao Ding,Ting Wang,Lora V. Hooper,Gou Young Koh,Andras Nagy,Clay F. Semenkovich,Jeffrey I. Gordon +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors found that conventionalization of adult germ-free C57BL/6 mice with a normal microbiota harvested from the distal intestine (cecum) of conventionally raised animals produces a 60% increase in body fat content and insulin resistance within 14 days despite reduced food intake.
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