Smads: transcriptional activators of TGF-beta responses.
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TLDR
Based on the observations summarized above, the mechanism of transcriptional activation by Smads is most likely defined by the combined requirements for interactions with other transcription factors and with promoter DNA sequences, which has a double DNA sequence requirement.About:
This article is published in Cell.The article was published on 1998-12-11 and is currently open access. It has received 993 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Promoter & Transcription factor.read more
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Mechanisms of TGF-β Signaling from Cell Membrane to the Nucleus
Yigong Shi,Joan Massagué +1 more
TL;DR: Current understanding on the mechanisms of TGF-β signaling from cell membrane to the nucleus is presented and the transcriptional regulation of target gene expression is reviewed.
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Regulation of Wound Healing by Growth Factors and Cytokines
Sabine Werner,Richard Grose +1 more
TL;DR: This review summarizes the results of expression studies that have been performed in rodents, pigs, and humans to localize growth factors and their receptors in skin wounds and reports on genetic studies addressing the functions of endogenous growth factors in the wound repair process.
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Tgfbeta signaling in growth control, cancer, and heritable disorders
TL;DR: The author would like to thank S. H. Roan for all her help and members of the Massague laboratory for insightful discussions.
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TGF-beta signaling in tumor suppression and cancer progression.
TL;DR: The role of TGF-β is evaluated as both a tumor suppressor pathway and a promoter of tumor progression and invasion and the positive and negative effects of T GF-β in carcinogenesis are attempted.
References
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TGF-beta signal transduction.
TL;DR: The transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) family of growth factors control the development and homeostasis of most tissues in metazoan organisms and mutations in these pathways are the cause of various forms of human cancer and developmental disorders.
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STATs and Gene Regulation
TL;DR: The discovery of a STAT in Drosophila, and most recently in Dictyostelium discoideum, implies an ancient evolutionary origin for this dual-function set of proteins.
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TGF-beta signalling from cell membrane to nucleus through SMAD proteins
TL;DR: Inhibitory SMADs have been identified that block the activation of these pathway-restricted SMADS that direct transcription to effect the cell's response to TGF-β.
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Direct binding of Smad3 and Smad4 to critical TGF beta-inducible elements in the promoter of human plasminogen activator inhibitor-type 1 gene.
TL;DR: The identification of Smad3/Smad4 binding sequences, termed CAGA boxes, within the promoter of the human PAI‐1 gene is reported, which suggest that this may be a widely used motif in TGFβ‐regulated transcription.
PatentDOI
Human smad3 and smad4 are sequence-specific transcription activators
TL;DR: It is found that two human Smad proteins could specifically recognize an identical 8 bp palindromic sequences (GTCTAGAC) and this property is defined as a novel biochemical property of Smad protein that is likely to play a direct role in the biologic responses to TGF beta and related ligands.