Journal ArticleDOI
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Health in 22 European Countries
Johan P. Mackenbach,Irina Stirbu,Albert-Jan R. Roskam,Maartje M. Schaap,Gwenn Menvielle,Mall Leinsalu,Anton E. Kunst +6 more
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TLDR
In this article, the authors compared the magnitude of inequalities in mortality and self-assessed health among 22 countries in all parts of Europe and found that in almost all countries, the rates of death and poorer selfassessments of health were substantially higher in groups of lower socioeconomic status.Abstract:
A b s t r ac t Background Comparisons among countries can help to identify opportunities for the reduction of inequalities in health. We compared the magnitude of inequalities in mortality and self-assessed health among 22 countries in all parts of Europe. Methods We obtained data on mortality according to education level and occupational class from census-based mortality studies. Deaths were classified according to cause, including common causes, such as cardiovascular disease and cancer; causes related to smoking; causes related to alcohol use; and causes amenable to medical intervention, such as tuberculosis and hypertension. Data on self-assessed health, smoking, and obesity according to education and income were obtained from health or multipurpose surveys. For each country, the association between socioeconomic status and health outcomes was measured with the use of regression-based inequality indexes. Results In almost all countries, the rates of death and poorer self-assessments of health were substantially higher in groups of lower socioeconomic status, but the magnitude of the inequalities between groups of higher and lower socioeconomic status was much larger in some countries than in others. Inequalities in mortality were small in some southern European countries and very large in most countries in the eastern and Baltic regions. These variations among countries appeared to be attributable in part to causes of death related to smoking or alcohol use or amenable to medical intervention. The magnitude of inequalities in self-assessed health also varied substantially among countries, but in a different pattern. Conclusions We observed variation across Europe in the magnitude of inequalities in health associated with socioeconomic status. These inequalities might be reduced by improving educational opportunities, income distribution, health-related behavior, or access to health care.read more
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Race, Depression, and Financial Distress in a Nationally Representative Sample of American Adults.
TL;DR: MDE by race interaction on financial distress is found, suggesting stronger association between MDE and financial distress among African Americans, compared to Whites.
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Socioeconomic inequalities in injury mortality in small areas of 15 European cities.
Mercè Gotsens,Marc Marí-Dell’Olmo,Katherine Pérez,Laia Palència,Miguel-Angel Martinez-Beneito,Maica Rodríguez-Sanz,Bo Burström,Giuseppe Costa,Patrick Deboosere,Felicitas Domínguez-Berjón,Dagmar Dzúrová,Ana Gandarillas,Rasmus Hoffmann,Katalin Kovács,Chiara Marinacci,Pekka Martikainen,Hynek Pikhart,Katarina Rosicova,Marc Saez,Paula Santana,Judith Riegelnig,Cornelia Schwierz,Lasse Tarkiainen,Carme Borrell +23 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed socioeconomic inequalities in mortality due to injuries in small areas of 15 European cities, by sex, at the beginning of this century, using hierarchical Bayesian model.
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Social mobility and health in European countries: Does welfare regime type matter?
TL;DR: Upward social mobility is associated with worse health in all European welfare regime types, however, in Scandinavian countries the association of upward mobility was smaller, suggesting that the Nordic model is more effective in mitigating the impact of social mobility on health and/or of health on mobility.
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Socioeconomic differentials in cause-specific mortality among 1.4 million South Korean public servants and their dependents
TL;DR: The contribution of the cause of death to socioeconomic inequality in mortality in South Korea differed from Western countries, and an understanding of the major causes of death that contribute to mortality inequality is required.
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From a conservative to a liberal welfare state: decomposing changes in income-related health inequalities in Germany, 1994-2011.
TL;DR: Using the Socio-Economic Panel for the years 1994-2011, this work analyzes how income-related health inequalities evolved in the context of the transformation from a conservative to a liberal welfare system in Germany.
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