Soil-transmitted helminth reinfection after drug treatment: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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TLDR
STH reinfections occur rapidly after treatment, particularly for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura, and there is a need for frequent anthelmintic drug administrations to maximize the benefit of preventive chemotherapy.Abstract:
BACKGROUND: Soil-transmitted helminth (STH) infections (i.e., Ascaris lumbricoides, hookworm, and Trichuris trichiura) affect more than a billion people. Preventive chemotherapy (i.e., repeated administration of anthelmintic drugs to at-risk populations), is the mainstay of control. This strategy, however, does not prevent reinfection. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess patterns and dynamics of STH reinfection after drug treatment. METHODOLOGY: We systematically searched PubMed, ISI Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, WanFang Database, Chinese Scientific Journal Database, and Google Scholar. Information on study year, country, sample size, age of participants, diagnostic method, drug administration strategy, prevalence and intensity of infection pre- and posttreatment, cure and egg reduction rate, evaluation period posttreatment, and adherence was extracted. Pooled risk ratios from random-effects models were used to assess the risk of STH reinfection after treatment. Our protocol is available on PROSPERO, registration number: CRD42011001678. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: From 154 studies identified, 51 were included and 24 provided STH infection rates pre- and posttreatment, whereas 42 reported determinants of predisposition to reinfection. At 3, 6, and 12 months posttreatment, A. lumbricoides prevalence reached 26% (95% confidence interval (CI): 16-43%), 68% (95% CI: 60-76%) and 94% (95% CI: 88-100%) of pretreatment levels, respectively. For T. trichiura, respective reinfection prevalence were 36% (95% CI: 28-47%), 67% (95% CI: 42-100%), and 82% (95% CI: 62-100%), and for hookworm, 30% (95% CI: 26-34%), 55% (95% CI: 34-87%), and 57% (95% CI: 49-67%). Prevalence and intensity of reinfection were positively correlated with pretreatment infection status. CONCLUSION: STH reinfections occur rapidly after treatment, particularly for A. lumbricoides and T. trichiura. Hence, there a need for frequent anthelmintic drug administrations to maximize the benefit of preventive chemotherapy. Integrated control approaches emphasizing health education and environmental sanitation are needed to interrupt transmission of STHread more
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Water, Sanitation, Hygiene, and Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Eric C. Strunz,David G. Addiss,Meredith E. Stocks,Stephanie Ogden,Jürg Utzinger,Matthew C. Freeman +5 more
TL;DR: Whether improvements in water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) practices are associated with reduced risk of infections with soil-transmitted helminths is examined.
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Soil-transmitted helminth infections.
Peter Mark Jourdan,Peter Mark Jourdan,Peter Mark Jourdan,Poppy H. L. Lamberton,Poppy H. L. Lamberton,Alan Fenwick,David G Addiss +6 more
TL;DR: The need for refined diagnostic tools and effective control options to scale up public health interventions and improve clinical detection and management of soil-transmitted helminthiasis is highlighted.
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Assessment of the anthelmintic efficacy of albendazole in school children in seven countries where soil-transmitted helminths are endemic.
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TL;DR: A minimum FECR rate of 95% for A. lumbricoides, 70% for hookworm, and 50% for T. trichiura is expected in MEB-dependent PC programs, which may indicate the development of potential drug resistance.
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Genome of the human hookworm Necator americanus
Yat T. Tang,Xin Gao,Bruce A. Rosa,Sahar Abubucker,Kymberlie Hallsworth-Pepin,John Martin,Rahul Tyagi,Esley M. Heizer,Xu Zhang,Veena Bhonagiri-Palsikar,Patrick Minx,Wesley C. Warren,Qi Wang,Bin Zhan,Peter J. Hotez,Paul W. Sternberg,Paul W. Sternberg,Annette M. Dougall,Soraya Gaze,Jason Mulvenna,Javier Sotillo,Shoba Ranganathan,Shoba Ranganathan,Élida Mara Leite Rabelo,Richard K. Wilson,Philip L. Felgner,Jeffrey M. Bethony,John M. Hawdon,Robin B. Gasser,Alex Loukas,Makedonka Mitreva +30 more
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