Some Physicomechanical Investigations on Near-transparent High Hydrolyzed Grade Poly(vinyl alcohol) Gels Impregnated with Surface-modified Waste Fly Ash
TL;DR: In this paper, a polymeric gel composed of high hydrolyzed grade poly(vinyl alcohol) and surface modified waste fly ash has been synthesized and reported for the first time.
Abstract: Polymeric gel composed of high hydrolyzed grade poly(vinyl alcohol) and surface-modified waste fly ash has been synthesized and reported for the first time. Organic chlorosilane has been used as the surface modifier for the as-received fly ash samples for strong interaction with poly(vinyl alcohol). The resultant gels are visually transparent and thermally stable as compared to the virgin poly(vinyl alcohol). These are also mechanically stronger than the base polymer and as-received fly ash/poly(vinyl alcohol) gels due to better polymer-surface-modified fly ash interaction as reflected from their viscometric results.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of fly ash as a filler for an ESBR-based compound was studied in the range 0-80 phr, and the results revealed the abundance of 200 mesh size particles with an a...
Abstract: The effect of fly ash as a filler for an ESBR-based compound was studied in the range 0-80 phr. Characterization of fly ash, as received, revealed the abundance of 200 mesh size particles with an a...
7 citations
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TL;DR: A silica-rich material was generated from waste fly ash and it was subsequently characterized and experimented in ESBR compounds to find its suitability to be used as a filler for rubber compounds as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: A silica-rich material was generated from waste fly ash and it was subsequently characterized and experimented in ESBR compounds to find its suitability to be used as a filler for rubber compounds
3 citations
References
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TL;DR: In this article, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/silica composite thin fibers, in the diameter of 200-400 nm were prepared by electrospinning, and the results indicated that PVA was changed from semicrystalline to amorphous state because of the increase of silica content.
Abstract: Fiber mats of organic–inorganic hybrids, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/silica composite thin fibers, in the diameter of 200–400 nm were prepared by electrospinning. The fiber mats were characterized by IR, XRD, DSC, and TGA. The results indicated that PVA was changed from semicrystalline to amorphous state because of the increase of silica content. SEM photograph showed that junctions and bundles of the fiber mats decreased or almost disappeared, and bead increased with increasing silica content. Swelling property of the fiber mats was determined.
422 citations
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TL;DR: The PVA/Sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)/silica hybrid polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/SiO 2 hybrid membranes containing sulfonic acid groups were fabricated from different SSA contents.
Abstract: Organic–inorganic hybrids based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/SiO 2 hybrid membranes containing sulfonic acid groups were prepared using the sol–gel process under acidic conditions. The PVA/sulfosuccinic acid (SSA)/silica hybrid membranes were fabricated from different SSA contents. The proton conductivity and methanol permeability of the hybrid membranes were studied with changing SSA content from 5 to 25 wt.%. It was found that the proton conductivity and the methanol permeability were dependent on the SSA content both as a crosslinking agent, and as a donor of the hydrophilic SO 3 H group. Up to an SSA content of about 20 wt.%, both of these properties decrease, and above this SSA content, they begin to increase with increasing SSA content. The proton conductivities of the PVA/SSA/silica membranes were in the range of 10 −3 to 10 −2 S/cm, and the methanol permeabilities ranged between 10 −8 and 10 −7 cm 2 /s. The presence of silica particles in the organic polymer matrix, which reduce the free water ratio of the membranes, results in hybrids with markedly reduced methanol permeabilities. These characteristics of the PVA/SSA/silica hybrid membranes are desirable for future applications related to direct methanol fuel cells.
385 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, a theory is developed to account for the restricted swelling in solvents of crosslinked elastomers containing reinforcing fillers, assuming that the swelling is completely restricted at the filler-rubber interface due to adhesion.
Abstract: A theory is developed to account for the restricted swelling in solvents of crosslinked elastomers containing reinforcing fillers. Assuming swelling to be completely restricted at the filler-rubber interface due to adhesion, the following relation is obtained:
where vr is the volume fraction of rubber in the swollen rubber phase, Vro is the same quantity referred to on otherwise analogous, unfilled vulcanizate, Φ is the volume fraction of filler, and c a parameter depending on the filler, but independent of Φ and Vro. This equation is shown to hold for a large volume of experimental data on carbon blacks, involving four rubbers, several sulfur vulcanizing systems, five solvents, and a wide range of crosslinking. Conformance with the theory indicates that carbon blacks are firmly bonded to the rubber and that, in the sulfur crosslinking systems investigated, they have no significant effect on the stoichiometry of vulcanization (although they may affect the rate of vulcanization). Illustrative examples of applications of the theory to problems in filler reinforcement and vulcanization are shown.
381 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the main shortcomings of biodegradable starch/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) film are hydrophilicity and poor mechanical properties, and to overcome these disadvantages, cornstarch was methylated and blend films were prepared by mixing methylated-cornstarch (MCS) with PVA.
Abstract: The main shortcomings of biodegradable starch/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) film are hydrophilicity and poor mechanical properties. With an aim to overcome these disadvantages, cornstarch was methylated and blend films were prepared by mixing methylated-cornstarch (MCS) with PVA. The mechanical properties, water resistance and biodegradability of the MCS/PVA film were investigated. It was found that MCS/PVA film had higher water resistance than the native starch/PVA film. However, the water resistance of MCS/PVA films did not have significant difference with the increase in the degree of substitution (DS) of the methylated starch from 0.096 to 0.864. Enzymatic, microbiological and soil burial biodegradation results indicated that the biodegradability of the MCS/PVA film strongly depended on the starch proportion in the film matrix. The degradation rate of starch in the starch/PVA film was hindered by blending starch with PVA. Both tensile strength and percent elongation at break of the MCS/PVA film were improved as DS of the methylated starch increased. Conversely, increasing the methylated starch proportion in film matrix deteriorated both tensile strength and percent elongation at break of the film.
157 citations
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TL;DR: In this article, the effects of corn fiber, a co-product of bio-ethanol production, on mechanical properties and moisture resistance of potato starch based foamed plates were investigated, and 88% hydrolyzed PVA was added as a powder in the mixture, avoiding the time consuming and costly step of pre-dissolving the PVA.
Abstract: Single-use packaging materials made of expanded polystyrene (EPS) have been identified as suitable items to be replaced by biodegradable materials. Plates made with EPS represent a source of non-degradable waste that is difficult to collect and to recycle. Potato starch based foamed plates have been prepared by a baking process. Presently, foam plates have been prepared by baking aqueous mixtures of potato starch, corn fibers, and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) inside a hot mold. The effects of the addition of corn fibers, a co-product of bio-ethanol production, on mechanical properties and moisture resistance of potato starch based foamed plates were investigated. The addition of corn fiber to potato starch batter increased baking time and an increased batter volume is needed to form a complete tray. The mechanical properties of the trays decreased with added corn fiber. In previous studies PVA has been added as aqueous solution to improve strength, flexibility, and water resistance of baked starch trays. In this study, 88% hydrolyzed PVA was added as a powder in the mixture, avoiding the time consuming and costly step of pre-dissolving the PVA. The addition of PVA to potato starch batters containing corn fiber mitigated the reduction in tensile properties seen in trays with added corn fiber. Starch-based trays produced with a high fiber ratio and PVA, showed improved water resistance.
132 citations
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