Journal ArticleDOI
Specific impairments of planning
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TLDR
An information-processing model is outlined that predicts that performance on non-routine tasks can be impaired independently of performance on routine tasks, related to views on frontal lobe functions, particularly those of Luria.Abstract:
An information-processing model is outlined that predicts that performance on non-routine tasks can be impaired independently of performance on routine tasks. The model is related to views on frontal lobe functions, particularly those of Luria. Two methods of obtaining more rigorous tests of the model are discussed. One makes use of ideas from artificial intelligence to derive a task heavily loaded on planning abilities. A group of patients with left anterior lesions has a specific deficit on the task. Subsidiary investigations support the inference that this is a planning impairment.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in the normal appearing brain tissue and cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis
Massimo Filippi,Carla Tortorella,Marco Rovaris,Marco Bozzali,Francesca Possa,Maria Pia Sormani,G. Iannucci,G. Comi +7 more
TL;DR: The extent of abnormalities which go undetected when using conventional MRI is relevant in determining cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive functions as endophenotypes in ADHD: evidence from the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB)
TL;DR: Neither persistent ADHD nor comorbidity was associated with increased deficits in executive functions among adolescents with ADHD, and this suggests that executive dysfunctions may be useful cognitive endophenotypes for ADHD genetic studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Verbal fluency in schizophrenia: relationship with executive function, semantic memory and clinical alogia
TL;DR: Of all symptom measures derived from SANS and Manchester Scales, onlyAlogia was related to verbal fluency in that superior improvement correlated inversely with the degree of alogia, and it is suggested that both alogsia and poor verbal fluencies are mediated by the same underlying cognitive abnormality that reflects frontostriatal dysfunction.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dyslexia and brain morphology.
TL;DR: Results of CT/MRI studies suggest that in the brains of dyslexics there is an increased incidence of symmetry in the region of the planum temporale and parietooccipital cortex that may be associated with language delay and handedness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive Functions and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Implications of two conflicting views
TL;DR: In this article, two conflicting views have emerged about how ADHD and executive function are related, and each leads to a very different conclusion about the essential nature of ADHD and its relationship to other learning and psychiatric disorders.
References
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Book
Human Problem Solving
TL;DR: The aim of the book is to advance the understanding of how humans think by putting forth a theory of human problem solving, along with a body of empirical evidence that permits assessment of the theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.
TL;DR: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments and demonstrated the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search.
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Higher cortical functions in man
TL;DR: Among the authors' patients was a bookkeeper with a severe form of sensory aphasia who could still draw up the annual balance sheet in spite of severe disturbances of speech and although he was unable to remember the names of his subordinates and used to refer to them incorrectly.
Book ChapterDOI
Attention to action: willed and automatic control of behavior
Donald A. Norman,Tim Shallice +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter proposes a theoretical framework structured around the notion of a set of active schemas, organized according to the particular action sequences of which they are a part, awaiting the appropriate set of conditions so that they can become selected to control action.