Journal ArticleDOI
Specific impairments of planning
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An information-processing model is outlined that predicts that performance on non-routine tasks can be impaired independently of performance on routine tasks, related to views on frontal lobe functions, particularly those of Luria.Abstract:
An information-processing model is outlined that predicts that performance on non-routine tasks can be impaired independently of performance on routine tasks. The model is related to views on frontal lobe functions, particularly those of Luria. Two methods of obtaining more rigorous tests of the model are discussed. One makes use of ideas from artificial intelligence to derive a task heavily loaded on planning abilities. A group of patients with left anterior lesions has a specific deficit on the task. Subsidiary investigations support the inference that this is a planning impairment.read more
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Effects of prenatal alcohol exposure on attention and working memory at 7.5 years of age.
TL;DR: These data confirm previous studies using diverse methods that suggest that working memory may be the most important aspect of attention that is adversely affected by prenatal alcohol exposure, and confirm the effects of maternal drinking across pregnancy were found primarily for working memory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurobehavioral evidence for working-memory deficits in school-aged children with histories of prematurity.
TL;DR: In this article, cognitive performance in 7- to 9-year-old preterm neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) survivors was compared with that in age-matched control children.
Journal ArticleDOI
Intellectual impairment in neurofibromatosis 1.
TL;DR: The presence of neurological and/or medical complications was weakly associated with a lower mean full scale IQ in NF1 patients and the patients displayed impaired attention and were slow to develop and adapt strategies for complex and unfamiliar tasks.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of a multifaceted treatment program for executive dysfunction after acquired brain injury on indications of executive functioning in daily life.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the experimental group improved significantly more over time than the controls on the RRL and attained significantly higher scores on the TGA and EST, and had better abilities to set and accomplish realistic goals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropsychology of bipolar disorder.
TL;DR: This research has demonstrated biases for processing positive and negative stimuli in patients with mania and depression, respectively, and neuroimaging studies of the neural regions that underlie cognitive processing of affective meaning suggest the medial and orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex may be particularly involved.
References
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Book
Human Problem Solving
TL;DR: The aim of the book is to advance the understanding of how humans think by putting forth a theory of human problem solving, along with a body of empirical evidence that permits assessment of the theory.
Journal ArticleDOI
Controlled and automatic human information processing: II. Perceptual learning, automatic attending and a general theory.
TL;DR: Tested the 2-process theory of detection, search, and attention presented by the current authors (1977) in a series of experiments and demonstrated the qualitative difference between 2 modes of information processing: automatic detection and controlled search.
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Higher cortical functions in man
TL;DR: Among the authors' patients was a bookkeeper with a severe form of sensory aphasia who could still draw up the annual balance sheet in spite of severe disturbances of speech and although he was unable to remember the names of his subordinates and used to refer to them incorrectly.
Book ChapterDOI
Attention to action: willed and automatic control of behavior
Donald A. Norman,Tim Shallice +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter proposes a theoretical framework structured around the notion of a set of active schemas, organized according to the particular action sequences of which they are a part, awaiting the appropriate set of conditions so that they can become selected to control action.