Journal ArticleDOI
Standardized descriptions of primate locomotor and postural modes
Kevin D. Hunt,John G. H. Cant,Daniel L. Gebo,Michael D. Rose,Suzanne E. Walker,Dionisios Youlatos +5 more
TLDR
32 primate positional modes are defined, divided more finely into 52 postural sub-modes and 74 locomotor sub-Modes, and a nomenclature is recommended that is not dedicated to or derived from any one taxonomic subset of the primates.Abstract:
As quantitative studies on primate positional behavior accumulate the lack of a standard positional mode terminology is becoming an increasingly serious deficiency. Inconsistent use of traditional terms and inappropriate conflation of mode categories hamper interspecific and interobserver comparisons. Some workers use common terms without definition, allowing at least the possibility of misunderstanding. Other researchers coin neologisms tailored to their study species and not clearly enough defined to allow application to other species. Such neologisms may overlap, may completely encompass, or may conflate previously defined labels. The result is, at best, the proliferation of synonyms and, at worst, the creation of confusion where clarity had existed. Historical precedents have sometimes resulted in “catch-all” terms that conflate any number of kinematically different behaviors (e.g. “brachiation,” “climbing,” and “quadrumanous climbing”). We recognize three areas where distinction of positional modes has some current importance: (1) Modes that require humeral abduction should be distinguished from adducted behaviors; (2) locomotor modes that involve ascent or descent should be distinguished from horizontal locomotor modes; and (3) suspensory modes should be distinguished from supported modes. We recommend a nomenclature that is not dedicated to or derived from any one taxonomic subset of the primates. Here we define 32 primate positional modes, divided more finely into 52 postural sub-modes and 74 locomotor sub-modes.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Influence of Leaping Frequency on Secondary Bone in Cercopithecid Primates.
TL;DR: Femoral OPD and %HAV are greater in the high frequency leaper than in low frequency leapers, suggesting that frequent high magnitude loads engender remodeling, however, there is no similar pattern in the humerus, which presumably also experiences high magnitudeloads during leaping.
Dissertation
Forelimb Muscle and Muscle Attachment Morphology
TL;DR: No consistent patterns between muscle architecture and entheseal morphology were found, although considering the underlying cortical bone of an attachment site seemed more informative of the associated muscle.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does a suspensory lifestyle result in increased tensile strength?: Organ level material properties of sloth limb bones.
TL;DR: The material properties measured from the limb bones of tree sloths support the hypothesis of predicted function in a tensile limb system and expand understanding of functional adaptation in mammalian tissue for a range of locomotor/postural behaviors that were previously unexplored.
Book ChapterDOI
The Torso-Orthograde Positional Behavior of Wild White-Handed Gibbons (Hylobates lar)
TL;DR: It is argued that hylobatids unique suspensory locomotion and posture coupled with a previously undocumented TO-versatility more accurately reflect the pattern of positional behaviors responsible for the small apes’ successful radiation and subsequent diversification across all of South and Southeast Asia’s forest habitats.
References
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Book
Primate Adaptation and Evolution
TL;DR: This new edition brings this coverage up to date with the latest fossil finds and most current research, and retains its grounding in the extant primate groups as the best way to understand the fossil trail and the evolution of these modern forms.
Journal ArticleDOI
The behaviour and ecology of wild orang-utans (Pongo pygmaeus)
TL;DR: Comparison between several populations revealed an interesting mechanisms for the natural regulation of animal numbers and differences between Bornean and Sumatran orang-utans are discussed in relation to the zoogeography of these two islands.
Journal ArticleDOI
Locomotor behavior, body size, and comparative ecology of seven Surinam monkeys
TL;DR: There are no consistent associations between diet and either locomotor behavior or forest utilization; rather, monkeys with similar diets show locomotor and habitat differentiation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Primate Adaptation and Evolution.
TL;DR: For many years John Fleagle's text on the adaptation and evolution of primates and early hominoid fossils was the the text of choice for teachers and research workers alike as discussed by the authors.
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