Journal ArticleDOI
Structural and spectral response of green fluorescent protein variants to changes in pH.
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P pH titrations of popular GFP S65T/H148D variants indicate that the chromophore pKa can be modulated over a broad range from 6 to 8, allowing for pH determination from pH 5 to pH 9.6.Abstract:
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has become a useful tool in molecular and cell biology. Recently, it has been found that the fluorescence spectra of most mu...read more
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Creating new fluorescent probes for cell biology.
TL;DR: Advances include the continued development of 'passive' markers for the measurement of biomolecule expression and localization in live cells, and 'active' indicators for monitoring more complex cellular processes such as small-molecule-messenger dynamics, enzyme activation and protein–protein interactions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fluorescent indicators for intracellular pH.
Junyan Han,Kevin Burgess +1 more
TL;DR: Various Indicators for Near-Neutral pH Values and Design of pH-Sensitive Cyanine Dyes and Miscellaneous Small Molecule pHi Indicators are presented.
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Reducing the Environmental Sensitivity of Yellow Fluorescent Protein MECHANISM AND APPLICATIONS
TL;DR: Citrine is superior to all previous YFPs except when pH or halide sensitivity is desired and is particularly advantageous within genetically encoded fluorescent indicators of physiological signals.
Journal ArticleDOI
Green fluorescent protein (GFP): applications, structure, and related photophysical behavior.
Journal ArticleDOI
Circular permutation and receptor insertion within green fluorescent proteins
TL;DR: The tolerance of GFPs for circular permutations and insertions shows the folding process is surprisingly robust and offers a new strategy for creating genetically encodable, physiological indicators.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The green fluorescent protein
TL;DR: In just three years, the green fluorescent protein from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria has vaulted from obscurity to become one of the most widely studied and exploited proteins in biochemistry and cell biology.
PatentDOI
FACS-optimized mutants of the green fluorescent protein (GFP)
TL;DR: In this article, three classes of GFP mutants having single excitation maxima around 488 nm are shown to be brighter than wild-type GFP following 488-nm excitation.
Journal ArticleDOI
An efficient general-purpose least-squares refinement program for macromolecular structures
TL;DR: In this paper, a package of programs is developed for efficient restrained least-squares refinement of macromolecular crystal structures. But it does not specify the parameters of the program, only the guide values for bond lengths and angles.
Journal ArticleDOI
Green fluorescent protein as a noninvasive intracellular pH indicator.
TL;DR: The results establish the application of GFP as a targetable, noninvasive indicator of intracellular pH and suggest that GFP pH sensitivity involves simple protonation events at a pH of >5, but both protonations and conformational changes at lower pH.
Journal ArticleDOI
Protonation effects on the chromophore of green fluorescent protein. quantum chemical study of the absorption spectrum
TL;DR: In this paper, the absorption spectrum of the chromophore of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) was investigated by INDO/S-CI model calculations and the geometrical variations of the hydrogen bonds between GFP and its environment were studied in detail.