Journal ArticleDOI
Sympathetic innervation of white adipose tissue and its regulation of fat cell number
Robert R. Bowers,William T. Festuccia,C. Kay Song,Haifei Shi,Renato Helios Migliorini,Timothy J. Bartness +5 more
TLDR
Differences in origins of the sympathetic outflow to WAT and functional differences in the WAT SNS innervation that could contribute to the differential propensity for fat cell proliferation across WAT depots in vivo are suggested.Abstract:
White adipose tissue (WAT) is innervated by the sympathetic nervous system (SNS), and the central origins of this innervation have been demonstrated for inguinal and epididymal WAT (iWAT and eWAT, respectively) using a viral transneuronal tract tracer, the pseudorabies virus (PRV). Although the more established role of this sympathetic innervation of WAT is as a major stimulator of lipid mobilization, this innervation also inhibits WAT fat cell number (FCN); thus, local denervation of WAT leads to marked increases in WAT mass and FCN. The purpose of this study was to extend our understanding of the SNS regulation of FCN using neuroanatomical and functional analyses. Therefore, we injected PRV into retroperitoneal WAT (rWAT) to compare the SNS outflow to this pad from what already is known for iWAT and eWAT. In addition, we tested the ability of local unilateral denervation of rWAT or iWAT to promote increases in WAT mass and FCN vs. their contralateral neurally intact counterparts. Although the overall pattern of innervation was more similar than different for rWAT vs. iWAT or eWAT, its SNS outflow appeared to involve more neurons in the suprachiasmatic and solitary tract nuclei. Denervation produced significant increases in WAT mass and FCN for both iWAT and rWAT, but FCN was increased significantly more in iWAT than in rWAT. These data suggest differences in origins of the sympathetic outflow to WAT and functional differences in the WAT SNS innervation that could contribute to the differential propensity for fat cell proliferation across WAT depots in vivo.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
What We Talk About When We Talk About Fat
TL;DR: New perspective is gained on the roles played by adipocyte in a variety of homeostatic processes and on the mechanisms used by adipocytes to communicate with other tissues and how these relationships are altered during metabolic disease and how they might be manipulated to restore metabolic health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuropeptide Y acts directly in the periphery on fat tissue and mediates stress-induced obesity and metabolic syndrome
Lydia Kuo,Joanna Kitlinska,Jason U. Tilan,Lijun Li,Stephen B. Baker,Michael D. Johnson,Edward Lee,Edward Lee,Mary Susan Burnett,Stanley T. Fricke,Richard Kvetnansky,Herbert Herzog,Zofia Zukowska +12 more
TL;DR: It is reported that stress exaggerates diet-induced obesity through a peripheral mechanism in the abdominal white adipose tissue that is mediated by neuropeptide Y (NPY), and manipulations of NPY2R activity within fat tissue offer new ways to remodel fat and treat obesity and metabolic syndrome.
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Sympathetic and sensory innervation of brown adipose tissue
TL;DR: The recent recognition of BAT in normal adult humans suggests a potential target for stimulation of energy expenditure by BAT to help mitigate increased body fat storage.
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Transdifferentiation properties of adipocytes in the adipose organ
TL;DR: It is demonstrated that the vast majority of macrophages infiltrating the obese organ are arranged around dead adipocytes, forming characteristic crown-like structures, raising the concept of smaller critical death size that could be important to explain the key role of visceral fat for the metabolic disorders associated with obesity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neural innervation of white adipose tissue and the control of lipolysis.
TL;DR: Transsynaptic viral tract tracers revealed WAT central sympathetic and sensory circuits including SNS-sensory feedback loops that may control lipolysis, and increases or decreases in WAT SNS drive/NE inhibit and stimulate white adipocyte proliferation, respectively.
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