Journal ArticleDOI
The 2010 Chilean Tsunami Off the West Coast of Canada and the Northwest Coast of the United States
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In this article, the authors examined the principal characteristics of the 2010 tsunami (height, period, duration, and arrival and travel times) and compared these properties for the west coast of Canada with corresponding properties of the 1960 tsunami.Abstract:
The major (M
w = 8.8) Chilean earthquake of 27 February 2010 generated a trans-oceanic tsunami that was observed throughout the Pacific Ocean. Waves associated with this event had features similar to those of the 1960 tsunami generated in the same region by the Great (M
w = 9.5) 1960 Chilean Earthquake. Both tsunamis were clearly observed on the coast of British Columbia. The 1960 tsunami was measured by 17 analog pen-and-paper tide gauges, while the 2010 tsunami was measured by 11 modern digital coastal tide gauges, four NEPTUNE-Canada bottom pressure recorders located offshore from southern Vancouver Island, and two nearby open-ocean DART stations. The 2010 records were augmented by data from seven NOAA tide gauges on the coast of Washington State. This study examines the principal characteristics of the waves from the 2010 event (height, period, duration, and arrival and travel times) and compares these properties for the west coast of Canada with corresponding properties of the 1960 tsunami. Results show that the 2010 waves were approximately 3.5 times smaller than the 1960 waves and reached the British Columbia coast 1 h earlier. The maximum 2010 wave heights were observed at Port Alberni (98.4 cm) and Winter Harbour (68.3 cm); the observed periods ranged from 12 min at Port Hardy to 110–120 min at Prince Rupert and Port Alberni and 150 min at Bamfield. The open-ocean records had maximum wave heights of 6–11 cm and typical periods of 7 and 15 min. Coastal and open-ocean tsunami records revealed persistent oscillations that “rang” for 3–4 days. Tsunami energy occupied a broad band of periods from 3 to 300 min. Estimation of the inverse celerity vectors from cross-correlation analysis of the deep-sea tsunami records shows that the tsunami waves underwent refraction as they approached the coast of Vancouver Island with the direction of the incoming waves changing from an initial direction of 340° True to a direction of 15° True for the second train of waves that arrived 7 h later after possible reflection from the Marquesas and Hawaiian islands.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Traveltime delay and initial phase reversal of distant tsunamis coupled with the self‐gravitating elastic Earth
TL;DR: In this article, a new method to simulate tsunami waveforms on real ocean bathymetry that takes into account seawater compressibility, the elasticity of the Earth, and geopotential perturbations has been developed by applying a phase correction to the simulated long waves.
Journal ArticleDOI
Source model of the 16 September 2015 Illapel, Chile, M w 8.4 earthquake based on teleseismic and tsunami data
TL;DR: Wessel and Smith as discussed by the authors used the GMT software for drawing the figures and benefited from constructive review comments by Costas E. Synolakis (University of Southern California, USA) and Yuichiro Tanioka (Hokkaido University, Japan).
Journal ArticleDOI
Deep-Ocean Measurements of Tsunami Waves
TL;DR: In this article, the authors provide an overview of the history of tsunami recording in the open ocean from the earliest days, approximately 50 years ago, to the present day, and present day modern tsunami monitoring systems such as the self-contained Deep Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunamis and innovative cabled sensing networks.
Book ChapterDOI
The State-of-the-Art Numerical Tools for Modeling Landslide Tsunamis: A Short Review
TL;DR: A short review of the state-of-the-art numerical tools that have been used for modeling landslide-generated waves is presented in this paper, where the authors introduce landslide tsunami models and group them into three classes: (1) models treating the moving mass as a fluid, (2) models estimating the initial water surface, and (3) models fed by the transient seafloor deformation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Marine Wireless Big Data: Efficient Transmission, Related Applications, and Challenges
TL;DR: An architecture of heterogeneous marine networks that flexibly exploits the existing underwater wireless techniques as a potential solution for fast data transmission is proposed and the schemes for energy-efficient and reliable undersea transmission without or with slight data rate reduction are developed.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space
Journal ArticleDOI
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