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The Concise Geologic Time Scale
TLDR
For a detailed discussion of the international divisions of geologic time, see as discussed by the authors, where the authors present the standard colors for the international division of geology time scales in detail.Abstract:
Introduction Planetary time scale Precambrian period Cambrian period Ordovician period Silurian period Devonian period Carboniferous period Permian period Triassic period Jurassic period Cretaceous period Paleogene period Neogene period Quaternary period Appendix Standard colors of the international divisions of geologic time References Indexread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The ICS International Chronostratigraphic Chart
TL;DR: The International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS) has a long tradition of producing international charts that communicate higher-order divisions of geological time and actual knowledge on the absolute numerical ages of their boundaries as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
A chronology of Paleozoic sea-level changes.
Bilal U. Haq,Stephen R. Schutter +1 more
TL;DR: A history of sea-level fluctuations for the entire Paleozoic by using stratigraphic sections from pericratonic and cratonic basins is reconstructed, revealing a gradual rise through the Cambrian and a short-lived but prominent withdrawal in response to Hirnantian glaciation.
Book ChapterDOI
The Paleogene Period
TL;DR: In this article, a cyclic sedimentation series, calibrated to the geomagnetic polarity and biostratigraphic scales, has been used to improve the resolution of the Paleogene time scale.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of the Isthmus of Panama
Aaron O'Dea,Harilaos A. Lessios,Anthony G. Coates,Ron I. Eytan,Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno,Sergio A. Restrepo-Moreno,Alberto Luis Cione,Laurel S. Collins,Laurel S. Collins,Alan de Queiroz,David W. Farris,Richard D Norris,Robert F. Stallard,Robert F. Stallard,Michael O. Woodburne,Orangel Aguilera,Marie-Pierre Aubry,William A. Berggren,Ann F. Budd,Mario Alberto Cozzuol,Simon E. Coppard,Herman Duque-Caro,Seth Finnegan,Germán Mariano Gasparini,Ethan L. Grossman,Kenneth G. Johnson,Lloyd D Keigwin,Nancy Knowlton,Egbert Giles Leigh,Jill S. Leonard-Pingel,Peter B. Marko,Nicholas D. Pyenson,P.G. Rachello-Dolmen,P.G. Rachello-Dolmen,Esteban Soibelzon,Leopoldo Héctor Soibelzon,Jonathan A. Todd,Geerat J. Vermeij,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Jeremy B. C. Jackson,Jeremy B. C. Jackson +40 more
TL;DR: An exhaustive review and reanalysis of geological, paleontological, and molecular records converge upon a cohesive narrative of gradually emerging land and constricting seaways, with formation of the Isthmus of Panama sensu stricto around 2.8 Ma.
Journal ArticleDOI
Early Cretaceous life, climate and anoxia
TL;DR: Early Cretaceous life and the environment were strongly influenced by the accelerated break up of Pangaea, which was associated with the formation of a multitude of rift basins, intensified spreading, and important volcanic activity on land and in the sea as discussed by the authors.