Journal ArticleDOI
The Effects of SST-Induced Surface Wind Speed and Direction Gradients on Midlatitude Surface Vorticity and Divergence
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In this article, the effects of surface wind speed and direction gradients on midlatitude surface vorticity and divergence fields associated with mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variability having spatial scales of 100-1000 km were investigated using vector wind observations from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite and SST from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Aqua satellite.Abstract:
The effects of surface wind speed and direction gradients on midlatitude surface vorticity and divergence fields associated with mesoscale sea surface temperature (SST) variability having spatial scales of 100–1000 km are investigated using vector wind observations from the SeaWinds scatterometer on the Quick Scatterometer (QuikSCAT) satellite and SST from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Aqua satellite. The wind–SST coupling is analyzed over the period June 2002–August 2008, corresponding to the first 6+ years of the AMSR-E mission. Previous studies have shown that strong wind speed gradients develop in response to persistent mesoscale SST features associated with the Kuroshio Extension, Gulf Stream, South Atlantic, and Agulhas Return Current regions. Midlatitude SST fronts also significantly modify surface wind direction; the surface wind speed and direction responses to typical SST differences of about 2°–4°C are, on average, about 1–2 m s−1 and 4°...read more
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Coupled ocean-atmosphere interaction at oceanic mesoscales
Dudley B. Chelton,Shang-Ping Xie +1 more
TL;DR: Satellite observations have revealed a remarkably strong positive correlation between sea-surface temperature (SST) and surface winds on oceanic mesoscales of 10-1000 km as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Satellite Observations of Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ekman Pumping
TL;DR: In this paper, three mechanisms for self-induced Ekman pumping in the interiors of mesoscale ocean eddies are investigated, including the surface stress that occurs because of differences between surface wind and ocean velocities, resulting in Ekman upwelling and downwelling in the cores of anticyclones and cyclones, respectively.
Journal ArticleDOI
Regional variations in the influence of mesoscale eddies on near‐surface chlorophyll
Peter Gaube,Dennis J. McGillicuddy,Dudley B. Chelton,Michael J. Behrenfeld,Peter G. Strutton,Peter G. Strutton +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of mesoscale ocean eddies on near-surface chlorophyll (CHL) estimated from satellite measurements of ocean color is analyzed in an eddy-centric frame of reference by collocating satellite observations to eddy interiors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Frontal scale air-sea interaction in high-resolution coupled climate models
Frank O. Bryan,Robert A. Tomas,John M. Dennis,Dudley B. Chelton,Norman G. Loeb,Julie L. McClean +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors used a suite of Community Climate System Model (CCSM) experiments to test the fidelity of high-resolution coupled climate simulations and found that the strength of the coupling between SST and surface stress is weaker than observed, as has been found previously for numerical weather prediction models and other coupled climate models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Southern Ocean wind‐driven entrainment enhances satellite chlorophyll‐a through the summer
M. M. Carranza,Sarah T. Gille +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the role of atmospheric forcing (i.e., winds and surface heat fluxes) on upper ocean processes that may help sustain high satellite chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) through the summer is explored.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production
TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a robust, recurring pattern of ocean-atmosphere climate variability centered over the midlatitude North Pacific basin over the past century, the amplitude of this climate pattern has varied irregularly at interannual-to-interdecadal timescales.
Journal ArticleDOI
Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting
TL;DR: Locally weighted regression as discussed by the authors is a way of estimating a regression surface through a multivariate smoothing procedure, fitting a function of the independent variables locally and in a moving fashion analogous to how a moving average is computed for a time series.
An introduction to dynamic meteorology
TL;DR: The instructor's manual to a work which introduces the fundamental principles of meteorology, explaining storm dynamics and the dynamics of climate and its global implications is described in this paper, where the authors present a detailed discussion of the relationship between meteorology and climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the role of sea surface temperature gradients in forcing low-level winds and convergence in the tropics
Richard S. Lindzen,Sumant Nigam +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the potential contribution of the SST gradient-driven flow to the low-level (p not less than 700 mb) convergence over tropical oceans is determined using a simple one-layer model of the trade cumulus boundary layer wherein surface temperature gradients are mixed vertically (consistent with the ECMWF analyzed data).
An introduction to dynamic meteorology
TL;DR: The instructor's manual to a work which introduces the fundamental principles of meteorology, explaining storm dynamics and the dynamics of climate and its global implications is described in this article, where the authors present a detailed discussion of the relationship between meteorology and climate.