Journal ArticleDOI
The Future of Species Under Climate Change: Resilience or Decline?
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TLDR
The fossil record suggests that most species persisted through past climate change, whereas forecasts of future impacts predict large-scale range reduction and extinction, but responses are highly variable.Abstract:
As climates change across already stressed ecosystems, there is no doubt that species will be affected, but to what extent and which will be most vulnerable remain uncertain. The fossil record suggests that most species persisted through past climate change, whereas forecasts of future impacts predict large-scale range reduction and extinction. Many species have altered range limits and phenotypes through 20th-century climate change, but responses are highly variable. The proximate causes of species decline relative to resilience remain largely obscure; however, recent examples of climate-associated species decline can help guide current management in parallel with ongoing research.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Climate Change and Infectious Diseases: From Evidence to a Predictive Framework
TL;DR: This review highlights research progress and gaps that have emerged during the past decade and develops a predictive framework that integrates knowledge from ecophysiology and community ecology with modeling approaches to mitigate the impacts of climate-driven disease emergence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Changes in Ecologically Critical Terrestrial Climate Conditions
TL;DR: The likelihood of continued changes in terrestrial climate is reviewed, including analyses of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project global climate model ensemble, to create potential 21st-century global warming comparable in magnitude to that of the largest global changes in the past 65 million years but is orders of magnitude more rapid.
Journal ArticleDOI
Climate-Related Local Extinctions Are Already Widespread among Plant and Animal Species.
TL;DR: Overall, the results suggest that local extinctions related to climate change are already widespread, even though levels of climate change so far are modest relative to those predicted in the next 100 years.
Book ChapterDOI
Terrestrial and Inland Water Systems
Josef Settele,Robert J. Scholes,Richard Betts,Stuart E. Bunn,Paul Leadley,Daniel C. Nepstad,Jonathan T. Overpeck,Miguel Angel Taboada,Rita Adrian,Craig D. Allen,William R. L. Anderegg,Céline Bellard,Paulo M. Brando,Louise Chini,Franck Courchamp,Wendy Foden,Dieter Gerten,Scott J. Goetz,Nicola Golding,Patrick Gonzalez,Ed Hawkins,Thomas Hickler,George C. Hurtt,Charles D. Koven,Josh Lawler,Heike Lischke,Georgina M. Mace,Melodie A. McGeoch,Camille Parmesan,Richard G. Pearson,Beatriz Rodríguez-Labajos,Carlo Rondinini,Rebecca Shaw,Stephen Sitch,Klement Tockner,Piero Visconti,Marten Winter +36 more
TL;DR: The topics assessed in this chapter were last assessed by the IPCC in 2007, principally in WGII AR4 Chapters 3 (Kundzewicz et al., 2007) and 4 (Fischlin et al, 2007), but also in this paper Sections 1.3.4 and 1.5 (Rosenzweig et al. 2007).
References
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Climate change 2007: the physical science basis
Susan Solomon,Dahe Qin,Martin R. Manning,Melinda Marquis,Kristen Averyt,Melinda M.B. Tignor,H. L. Miller,Z. Chen +7 more
TL;DR: The first volume of the IPCC's Fourth Assessment Report as mentioned in this paper was published in 2007 and covers several topics including the extensive range of observations now available for the atmosphere and surface, changes in sea level, assesses the paleoclimatic perspective, climate change causes both natural and anthropogenic, and climate models for projections of global climate.
Journal ArticleDOI
Ecological responses to recent climate change.
Gian-Reto Walther,Eric Post,Peter Convey,Annette Menzel,Camille Parmesan,Trevor J. C. Beebee,Jean-Marc Fromentin,Ove Hoegh-Guldberg,Franz Bairlein +8 more
TL;DR: A review of the ecological impacts of recent climate change exposes a coherent pattern of ecological change across systems, from polar terrestrial to tropical marine environments.
Journal ArticleDOI
Extinction risk from climate change
Chris D. Thomas,Alison Cameron,Rhys E. Green,Rhys E. Green,Michel Bakkenes,Linda J. Beaumont,Yvonne C. Collingham,Barend F.N. Erasmus,Marinez Ferreira de Siqueira,Alan Grainger,Lee Hannah,Lesley Hughes,Brian Huntley,Albert S. van Jaarsveld,Guy F. Midgley,Lera Miles,Lera Miles,Miguel A. Ortega-Huerta,A. Townsend Peterson,Oliver L. Phillips,Stephen E. Williams +20 more
TL;DR: Estimates of extinction risks for sample regions that cover some 20% of the Earth's terrestrial surface show the importance of rapid implementation of technologies to decrease greenhouse gas emissions and strategies for carbon sequestration.
Journal ArticleDOI
The genetic legacy of the Quaternary ice ages
TL;DR: The present genetic structure of populations, species and communities has been mainly formed by Quaternary ice ages, and genetic, fossil and physical data combined can greatly help understanding of how organisms were so affected.
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