Journal ArticleDOI
The Natural History of Infection with Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) in Chimpanzees: Comparison of Serologic Responses Measured with First- and Second- Generation Assays and Relationship to HCV Viremia
Patrizia Farci,William T. London,Doris C. Wong,George J. Dawson,David S. Vallari,Ronald E. Engle,Robert H. Purcell +6 more
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TLDR
Second-generation were consistently more sensitive than first-generation assays for the early diagnosis of primary HCV infection, since antibodies remained persistently detectable throughout follow-up regardless of whether viremia was transient or persistent.Abstract:
The sensitivity of first- and second-generation tests for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the relationship among the patterns of antibody response and HCV viremia were examined in serial serum samples from 6 chimpanzees experimentally infected with HCV and followed less than or equal to 3 years. HCV infection was transient in 4 chimpanzees and became chronic in 2. All chimpanzees developed antibodies to HCV detectable by second-generation assays, while only 5 of the 6 became positive by first-generation assay. Second-generation were consistently more sensitive than first-generation assays for the early diagnosis of primary HCV infection. The pattern observed with second-generation assays was not influenced by the outcome of HCV infection, since antibodies remained persistently detectable throughout follow-up regardless of whether viremia was transient or persistent. In contrast, the first-generation antibody response was variable: It usually disappeared after loss of viremia, whereas its presence paralleled HCV viremia in chimpanzees with chronic infection.read more
Citations
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Compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital. Infection Control Program.
TL;DR: This observational study investigated factors associated with poor compliance with handwashing in a teaching hospital and used Stata version 5 (Stata Corp., College Station, Texas) for all analyses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Transmission of Hepatitis C by Intrahepatic Inoculation with Transcribed RNA
Alexander A. Kolykhalov,Eugene Agapov,Eugene Agapov,Keril J. Blight,Keril J. Blight,Kathleen Mihalik,Kathleen Mihalik,Stephen M. Feinstone,Stephen M. Feinstone,Charles M. Rice,Charles M. Rice +10 more
TL;DR: This work defines the structure of a functional HCV genome RNA and proves that HCV alone is sufficient to cause disease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Lack of protective immunity against reinfection with hepatitis C virus
Patrizia Farci,Harvey J. Alter,Sugantha Govindarajan,Doris C. Wong,Ronald E. Engle,Richard R. Lesniewski,Isa K. Mushahwar,Suresh M. Desai,Roger H. Miller,Norio Ogata,Robert H. Purcell +10 more
TL;DR: Evidence indicates that HCV infection does not elicit protective immunity against reinfection with homologous or heterologous strains, which raises concerns for the development of effective vaccines against HCV.
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The GB viruses: a review and proposed classification of GBV-A, GBV-C (HGV), and GBV-D in genus Pegivirus within the family Flaviviridae
TL;DR: Only GBV-B, a second species within the genus Hepacivirus (type species hepatitis C virus), has been shown to cause hepatitis; it causes acute hepatitis in experimentally infected tamarins.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Isolation of a cDNA clone derived from a blood-borne non-A, non-B viral hepatitis genome
TL;DR: A random-primed complementary DNA library was constructed from plasma containing the uncharacterized non-A, non-B hepatitis agent and screened with serum from a patient diagnosed with NANBH, showing consistent with the agent being similar to the togaviridae or flaviviridae.
Journal ArticleDOI
Avoiding false positives with PCR
S Kwok,Russell Higuchi +1 more
TL;DR: The exquisite sensitivity of the polymerase chain reaction means DNA contamination can ruin an entire experiment and adherence to a strict set of protocols can avoid disaster.
Journal ArticleDOI
An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis
George Kuo,Q L Choo,Harvey J. Alter,G.L. Gitnick,Allan G. Redeker,Robert H. Purcell,Tatsuo Miyamura,Jules L. Dienstag,M.J. Alter,Cladd E. Stevens,Gary E. Tegtmeier,Ferruccio Bonino,Massimo Colombo,W.-S. Lee,C. Kuo,K. Berger,Jeffrey R. Shuster,Lacy Rasco Overby,Daniel W. Bradley,Michael Houghton +19 more
TL;DR: Assays of ten blood transfusions in the United States that resulted in chronic NANBH revealed that there was at least one positive blood donor in nine of these cases and that all ten recipients seroconverted during their illnesses.
Journal ArticleDOI
Detection of antibody to hepatitis C virus in prospectively followed transfusion recipients with acute and chronic non-A, non-B hepatitis
Harvey J. Alter,Robert H. Purcell,James Wai-Kuo Shih,Jacqueline C. Melpolder,Michael Houghton,Qui-Lim Choo,George Kuo +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that hepatitis C virus is the predominant agent of transfusion-associated non-A, non-B hepatitis and that screening of donors for anti-HCV could prevent the majority of cases of the disease.
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An assay for circulating antibodies to a major etiologic virus of human non-A, non-B hepatitis
George Kuo,Q L Choo,Harvey J. Alter,G.L. Gitnick,Allan G. Redeker,Robert H. Purcell,Tatsuo Miyamura,Jules L. Dienstag,M.J. Alter,Cladd E. Stevens,Gary E. Tegtmeier,Ferruccio Bonino,Massimo Colombo,W.-S. Lee,C. Kuo,K. Berger,Jeffrey R. Shuster,Lacy Rasco Overby,Daniel W. Bradley,Michael Houghton +19 more