The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees.
Naruya Saitou,Masatoshi Nei +1 more
TLDR
The neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data.Abstract:
A new method called the neighbor-joining method is proposed for reconstructing phylogenetic trees from evolutionary distance data. The principle of this method is to find pairs of operational taxonomic units (OTUs [= neighbors]) that minimize the total branch length at each stage of clustering of OTUs starting with a starlike tree. The branch lengths as well as the topology of a parsimonious tree can quickly be obtained by using this method. Using computer simulation, we studied the efficiency of this method in obtaining the correct unrooted tree in comparison with that of five other tree-making methods: the unweighted pair group method of analysis, Farris's method, Sattath and Tversky's method, Li's method, and Tateno et al.'s modified Farris method. The new, neighbor-joining method and Sattath and Tversky's method are shown to be generally better than the other methods.read more
Citations
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Convergent Evolution of Similar Enzymatic Function on Different Protein Folds: The Hexokinase, Ribokinase, and Galactokinase Families of Sugar Kinases
TL;DR: The three‐dimensional structure of hexokinase is known and can be used to build models of functionally important regions of other kinases in this family, which contains many prokaryotic and eukaryotic sugar kinases with diverse specificities, including a new member, rhamnokinase from Salmonella typhimurium.
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The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling
TL;DR: A model of cannabinoid signalling is presented in which anandamide is synthesized by postsynaptic cells and acts as a retrograde messenger molecule to modulate neurotransmitter release from presynaptic terminals, concluding that the cannabinoid signalling system may be quite restricted in its phylogenetic distribution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Antigens and Alternatives for Control of Anaplasma marginale Infection in Cattle
TL;DR: The recent development of a cell culture system for A. marginale provides a potential source of antigen for the development of improved killed and live vaccines, and the availability of cell culture-derived antigen would eliminate the use of cattle in vaccine production.
Journal ArticleDOI
The lamin protein family
Travis A. Dittmer,Tom Misteli +1 more
TL;DR: The lamins are the major architectural proteins of the animal cell nucleus and provide a platform for the binding of proteins and chromatin and confer mechanical stability, underscoring their functional importance.
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Development of high-rate anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing (ANAMMOX) biofilm reactors
TL;DR: In this article, the anammox reaction was observed within 50 days and a total nitrogen removal rate of 26.0 kg-Nm(-3)day(-1) was obtained after 247 days.
References
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Book
Molecular Evolutionary Genetics
TL;DR: Recent developments of statistical methods in molecular phylogenetics are reviewed and it is shown that the mathematical foundations of these methods are not well established, but computer simulations and empirical data indicate that currently used methods produce reasonably good phylogenetic trees when a sufficiently large number of nucleotides or amino acids are used.
Book
Principles of numerical taxonomy
Robert R. Sokal,P.H.A. Sneath +1 more
TL;DR: The authors continued the story of psychology with added research and enhanced content from the most dynamic areas of the field, such as cognition, gender and diversity studies, neuroscience and more, while at the same time using the most effective teaching approaches and learning tools.