Journal ArticleDOI
Token+constraint systems for tangible interaction with digital information
TLDR
This discussion discusses the properties of the token+constraint approach; considers strengths that distinguish them from other interface approaches; and illustrates the concept with eleven past and recent supporting systems.Abstract:
We identify and present a major interaction approach for tangible user interfaces based upon systems of tokens and constraints. In these interfaces, tokens are discrete physical objects which represent digital information. Constraints are confining regions that are mapped to digital operations. These are frequently embodied as structures that mechanically channel how tokens can be manipulated, often limiting their movement to a single degree of freedom. Placing and manipulating tokens within systems of constraints can be used to invoke and control a variety of computational interpretations.We discuss the properties of the token+constraint approach; consider strengths that distinguish them from other interface approaches; and illustrate the concept with eleven past and recent supporting systems. We present some of the conceptual background supporting these interfaces, and consider them in terms of Bellotti et al.'s [2002] five questions for sensing-based interaction. We believe this discussion supports token+constraint systems as a powerful and promising approach for sensing-based interaction.read more
Citations
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Reality-Based Interaction: A Framework for Post-WIMP Interfaces Robert J.K. Jacob Audrey Girouard Leanne M. Hirshfield Michael S. Horn
TL;DR: The concept of Reality-Based Interaction (RBI) as discussed by the authors has been proposed as a unifying concept that ties together a large subset of emerging interaction styles and provides a framework that can be used to understand, compare, and relate current paths of recent HCI research as well as to analyze specific interaction designs.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Reality-based interaction: a framework for post-WIMP interfaces
Robert J. K. Jacob,Audrey Girouard,Leanne M. Hirshfield,Michael S. Horn,Orit Shaer,Erin Treacy Solovey,Jamie Zigelbaum +6 more
TL;DR: It is believed that viewing interaction through the lens of RBI provides insights for design and uncovers gaps or opportunities for future research.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
inFORM: dynamic physical affordances and constraints through shape and object actuation
TL;DR: This work outlines potential interaction techniques and introduces Dynamic Physical Affordances and Constraints with the inFORM system, built on top of a state-of-the-art shape display, which provides for variable stiffness rendering and real-time user input through direct touch and tangible interaction.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Tangible bits: beyond pixels
TL;DR: This paper discusses a model of TUI, key properties, genres, applications, and summarizes the contributions made by the Tangible Media Group and other researchers since the publication of the first Tangible Bits paper at CHI 1997.
Book
Tangible User Interfaces: Past, Present and Future Directions
Orit Shaer,Eva Hornecker +1 more
TL;DR: Tangible User Interfaces (TUIs) as discussed by the authors have emerged as a new interface type that interlinks the digital and physical worlds, drawing upon users' knowledge and skills of interaction with the real non-digital world, showing a potential to enhance the way in which people interact with and leverage digital information.
References
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Brygg Ullmer,Hiroshi Ishii +1 more
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