Journal ArticleDOI
Token+constraint systems for tangible interaction with digital information
TLDR
This discussion discusses the properties of the token+constraint approach; considers strengths that distinguish them from other interface approaches; and illustrates the concept with eleven past and recent supporting systems.Abstract:
We identify and present a major interaction approach for tangible user interfaces based upon systems of tokens and constraints. In these interfaces, tokens are discrete physical objects which represent digital information. Constraints are confining regions that are mapped to digital operations. These are frequently embodied as structures that mechanically channel how tokens can be manipulated, often limiting their movement to a single degree of freedom. Placing and manipulating tokens within systems of constraints can be used to invoke and control a variety of computational interpretations.We discuss the properties of the token+constraint approach; consider strengths that distinguish them from other interface approaches; and illustrate the concept with eleven past and recent supporting systems. We present some of the conceptual background supporting these interfaces, and consider them in terms of Bellotti et al.'s [2002] five questions for sensing-based interaction. We believe this discussion supports token+constraint systems as a powerful and promising approach for sensing-based interaction.read more
Citations
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Book ChapterDOI
kommTUi – A Design Process for a Tangible Communication Technology with Seniors
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Dissertation
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Book ChapterDOI
Eingebettete Interaktion — Symbiose von Mensch und Information
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Book ChapterDOI
Inclusive design of ambient knowledge transfer
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References
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Book
The Ecological Approach to Visual Perception
TL;DR: The relationship between Stimulation and Stimulus Information for visual perception is discussed in detail in this article, where the authors also present experimental evidence for direct perception of motion in the world and movement of the self.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
Tangible bits: towards seamless interfaces between people, bits and atoms
Hiroshi Ishii,Brygg Ullmer +1 more
TL;DR: Tangible Bits allows users to "grasp & manipulate" bits in the center of users’ attention by coupling the bits with everyday physical objects and architectural surfaces and ambient media for background awareness.
Journal ArticleDOI
Why a Diagram is (Sometimes) Worth Ten Thousand Words
Jill H. Larkin,Herbert A. Simon +1 more
TL;DR: This work describes systems that are informationally equivalent and that can be characterized as sentential or diagrammatic, and contrasts the computational efficiency of these representotions for solving several illustrative problems in mothematics and physics.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct Manipulation: A Step Beyond Programming Languages
TL;DR: As I talked with enthusiasts and examined the systems they used, I began to develop a model of the features that produced such delight, and the central ideas seemed to be visibility of the object of interest; rapid, reversible, incremental actions; and replacement of complex command language syntax by direct manipulation of the objects of interest.
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