Unsteady Aspects of Aquatic Locomotion
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The acceleration reaction dominates the forces resisting rapid accelerations of animals and may be responsible for generating thrust in oscillating appendages and undulating bodies.Abstract:
Virtually all animals swim unsteadily. They oscillate appendages, undulate, and produce periodic propulsive forces so that the velocity of some part of their bodies changes in time. Because of their unsteady motion, animals experience a fluid force in addition to drag—the acceleration reaction. The acceleration reaction dominates the forces resisting rapid accelerations of animals and may be responsible for generating thrust in oscillating appendages and undulating bodies. The ever-present unsteady nature of animal swimming implies diverse applications of the acceleration reaction.read more
Citations
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Review of fish swimming modes for aquatic locomotion
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The control of flight force by a flapping wing: lift and drag production.
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Walking on Water: Biolocomotion at the Interface
John W. M. Bush,David Hu +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the hydrodynamics of creatures capable of sustaining themselves on the water surface by means other than flotation are considered, with particular attention given to classifying water walkers according to their principal means of weight support and lateral propulsion.
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Locomotor forces on a swimming fish: three-dimensional vortex wake dynamics quantified using digital particle image velocimetry.
TL;DR: The observed force balance indicates that DPIV can be used to measure accurately large-scale vorticity in the wake of swimming fishes and is therefore a valuable means of studying unsteady flows produced by animals moving through fluids.
References
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Note on the swimming of slender fish
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors determine what transverse oscillatory movements a slender fish can make which will give it a high Froude propulsive efficiency, and the recommended procedure is for the fish to pass a wave down its body at a speed of around of the desired swimming speed, the amplitude increasing from zero over the front portion to a maximum at the tail, whose span should exceed a certain critical value.
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Large-Amplitude Elongated-Body Theory of Fish Locomotion
TL;DR: In this paper, the elongated body theory of the reactive forces on a fish moving in water is extended so that a prediction of instantaneous reactive force between fish and water is obtained for fish motions of arbitrary amplitude, regular or irregular.
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Aquatic animal propulsion of high hydromechanical efficiency
TL;DR: In this paper, a preliminary quantitative analysis of how a series of modifications of that basic undulatory mode, found in the vertebrates (and especially in the fishes), tends to improve speed and hydromechanical efficiency.
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Swimming of a waving plate
TL;DR: In this article, the basic principle of fish propulsion is studied, and the thrust, power required, and energy imparted to the wake are calculated, and propulsive efficiency is also evaluated.