Update on adrenarche.
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TLDR
An update is provided on adrenal steroidogenesis and the differential diagnosis of premature development of pubic hair and the physiologic mechanisms governing the onset of adrenarche.Abstract:
Purpose of review Adrenarche is the pubertal maturation of the innermost zone of the adrenal cortex, the zona reticularis. The onset of adrenarche occurs between 6 and 8 years of age when dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) concentrations increase. This review provides an update on adrenal steroidogenesis and the differential diagnosis of premature development of pubic hair. Recent findings The complexity of adrenal steroidogenesis has increased with recognition of the alternative 'backdoor pathway' and the 11-oxo-androgens pathways. Traditionally, sulfated steroids such as DHEAS have been considered to be inactive metabolites. Recent data suggest that intracellular sulfated steroids may function as tissue-specific intracrine hormones particularly in the tissues expressing steroid sulfatases such as ovaries, testes, and placenta. Summary The physiologic mechanisms governing the onset of adrenarche remain unclear. To date, no validated regulatory feedback mechanism has been identified for adrenal C19 steroid secretion. Available data indicate that for most children, premature adrenarche is a benign variation of development and a diagnosis of exclusion. Patients with premature adrenarche tend to have higher BMI values. Yet, despite greater knowledge about C19 steroids and zona reticularis function, much remains to be learned about adrenarche.read more
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Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist
M. Maresh,A. H. Washburn +1 more
TL;DR: The Brush Foundation studies on human growth and development, begun in 1931 and terminated in 1942, have been intensively reviewed and studied by Dr. Greulich and Miss Pyle in the formulation of this Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist.
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Normal and Premature Adrenarche.
TL;DR: Adrenarche is the maturational increase in adrenal androgen production that normally begins in early childhood It results from changes in the secretory response to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) that are best indexed by dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) rise as discussed by the authors.
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TL;DR: In this article , the association of prepubertal urinary concentrations of phthalate metabolites with age at pubertal onset in a prospective cohort of Russian boys was examined, where 15 metabolites including those from anti-androgenic parent phthalates (AAPs) such as di (2-ethylhexyl) (DEHP), DiNP (∑DiNP), and di-isononyl (DiNP) were measured using isotope dilution LC-MS/MS at Moscow State University.
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Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist
M. Maresh,A. H. Washburn +1 more
TL;DR: The Brush Foundation studies on human growth and development, begun in 1931 and terminated in 1942, have been intensively reviewed and studied by Dr. Greulich and Miss Pyle in the formulation of this Radiographic Atlas of Skeletal Development of the Hand and Wrist.
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