Showing papers in "The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in 2015"

TL;DR: CYP11A1-derived secosteroidal hydroxy-derivatives and Δ(7)steroids are biologically active when administered in vitro in a manner dependent on the structure of the compound and the lineage of the target cells, suggesting physiological roles for these metabolites.

TL;DR: The combination of the arrest of ovarian estrogen secretion, the availability of high circulating levels of DHEA and the expression of the peripheral sex steroid-forming enzymes have permitted the appearance of menopause with a continuing access to intratissular sex steroids for the individual cells/tissues without systemic exposure to circulating estradiol.

TL;DR: The neuroprotective effects of progesterone on the nervous system via PR, and of allopregnanolone via its modulation of GABAA receptors are discussed, as well as their effects in different experimental models including stroke and spinal cord injury.

TL;DR: The role(s) of CYP 1 family in ER-dependent or ER-independent cancers and the potential for cancer therapy to target CYP1 family in these cancers are focused on.

TL;DR: Women with PCOS and APA excess appear to have a generalized exaggeration in adrenal steroidogenesis in response to ACTH stimulation, although they do not have an overt hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction.

TL;DR: The LC-MS/MS assay offers profiling of 13 other adrenal steroids, providing a potentially useful method for the clinical work-up of patients with primary aldosteronism, and larger AV/pV ratios of several steroids compared to cortisol suggest more sensitive alternatives to the latter for assessing positioning of AV sampling catheters.

TL;DR: These features form the basis to further pursue ACAT structure-function analysis, and can be explored to develop novel allosteric ACAT inhibitors for therapeutic purposes.

TL;DR: The evidence base for the role of GCs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD is outlined from cell systems, rodent models and clinical studies and interventional strategies that have been employed to modulate glucocorticoid action as a potential therapeutic strategy are described.

TL;DR: A short overview of the possible actions of dehydroepiandrosterone and its sulfate in the brain is presented, calling attention to various mechanisms of their action as neurosteroids and to prospects for the knowledge of their role in brain disorders.

TL;DR: The study of GPER KO mice has revealed that GPER deficiency results in multiple physiological alterations including obesity, cardiovascular dysfunction, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance, and reveals GPER as a genuine mediator of estrogen action.

TL;DR: The present review will highlight the need to re-evaluate current food fortification practices as well as consider new additional food-based approaches, such as biofortification of food with vitamin D, as a means of collectively tackling the low intakes of vitamin D within populations and the consequent high prevalence of low vitamin D status that are observed.

TL;DR: The known hormonal changes and their possible regulators in on-time and premature adrenarche are described, and the clinical features and possible later health problems associating with PA are described.

TL;DR: Gut epithelial VDR signaling appears to play an essential role in controlling mucosal inflammation and thus could be a useful therapeutic target in the management of inflammatory bowel diseases.

TL;DR: Fundamental insights are yielded into the regulation of DHEA secretion, the mechanisms by which D HEA affects behavior, and the brain regions and neural processes that are modulated by DHEa.

TL;DR: Results from these studies suggest that GR signaling in cardiomyocytes is critical for the normal development and function of the heart, and genetic mouse models using transgenic mice that specifically target GR or MR inCardiomyocyte glucocorticoid signaling plays in heart physiology and pathophysiology are discussed.

TL;DR: The importance of microglial cells for the spreading of neural damage during hypoxia, their susceptibility to functional modulation by sex steroids, the potency of sex hormones to switch microglia from a pro-inflammatory M1 to neuroprotective M2 phenotype, and the regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory properties including the inflammasome are stressed.

TL;DR: Together, this suite of receptors and enzymes through their roles in transcriptional regulation of reproduction, development, homeostasis and the response to stress contributed to the evolutionary diversification of vertebrates.

TL;DR: Evidence demonstrating a link between obesity and breast cancer has led to the investigation of metabolic pathways as novel regulators of estrogen production, including pathways that can be targeted to inhibit aromatase specifically within the breast.

TL;DR: The role for 'two-hit hypotheses', which propose that adult vitamin D deficiency leaves the brain more vulnerable to secondary adverse exposures, and thus may exacerbate disease progression, are discussed and key issues that need to be addressed in future research are explored.

TL;DR: The data presented indicates that vitamin D deficiency leads to mild oxidative stress in the muscle which may act as a trigger for increased proteolysis in the vitamin D deficient muscle.

TL;DR: The data can be interpreted to suggest that P4 suppresses the growth of human GBM cells both in vitro and in vivo and enhances survival time in mice without any demonstrable side effects.

TL;DR: Results indicate that high concentrations of NEFAs can induce cattle hepatocytes inflammatory response through activating the oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway.

TL;DR: VitD3 pretreatment alleviates LPS-induced renal oxidative stress through regulating oxidant and antioxidant enzyme genes, and suggests that reactive oxygen species plays important roles in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

TL;DR: A novel interhelical interaction is proposed between the F-G loop and the B'-helix to explain the 16α-hydroxylase activity of human CYP17A1 with progesterone as the substrate.

TL;DR: Results suggest that selective estrogen-receptor modulators could represent a novel therapeutic strategy for disorders of the central nervous system based on their ability to suppress neuroinflammation through an ER-mediated transcription pathway.

TL;DR: Maternal vitamin D status closest to delivery date was more significantly associated with preterm birth, suggesting that later intervention as a rescue treatment may positively impact the risk of preterm delivery, and a serum concentration of 100nmol/L (40ng/mL) in the 3rd trimester was associated with a 47% reduction in preterm births.

TL;DR: Observations performed in a subset of patients treated for male pattern hair loss indicate that persistent sexual side effects as well as anxious/depressive symptomatology have been reported even after discontinuation of finasteride treatment.

TL;DR: This study has uncovered that MYC expression is up-regulated by the cross-talk between ER and HER2 in AI resistant breast cancer cells, and MYC-mediated glutamine metabolism is associated with AI resistance of breast cancer.

TL;DR: Novel secosteroids that can be produced by the action of CYP11A1 in epidermal keratinocytes have protective effects against UVB radiation.

TL;DR: The current state of knowledge regarding intracrine metabolism including expression levels of various enzymes and receptors is summarised, focusing particularly upon the importance of the production of biologically potent steroids from circulating sulfated precursors such as DHEA-S.