Validation of the Aura Microwave Limb Sounder temperature and geopotential height measurements
Michael J. Schwartz,Alyn Lambert,Gloria L. Manney,Gloria L. Manney,William G. Read,Nathaniel J. Livesey,Lucien Froidevaux,Chi O. Ao,Peter F. Bernath,Peter F. Bernath,C. D. Boone,R. E. Cofield,William H. Daffer,Brian J. Drouin,Eric J. Fetzer,R. A. Fuller,Robert Jarnot,Jonathan H. Jiang,Yan Jiang,Brian Knosp,Kirstin Krüger,Jui-Lin Li,Martin G. Mlynczak,Steven Pawson,James M. Russell,Michelle L. Santee,W. V. Snyder,P. C. Stek,R. P. Thurstans,Adrian M. Tompkins,P. A. Wagner,Kaley A. Walker,Kaley A. Walker,Joe W. Waters,Dien Wu +34 more
TLDR
In this article, the authors describe the retrievals algorithm used to determine temperature and height from radiance measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder on EOS Aura, which is a "limbscanning" instrument, meaning that it views the atmosphere along paths that do not intersect the surface.Abstract:
This paper describes the retrievals algorithm used to determine temperature and height from radiance measurements by the Microwave Limb Sounder on EOS Aura. MLS is a "limbscanning" instrument, meaning that it views the atmosphere along paths that do not intersect the surface - it actually looks forwards from the Aura satellite. This means that the temperature retrievals are for a "profile" of the atmosphere somewhat ahead of the satellite. Because of the need to view a finite sample of the atmosphere, the sample spans a box about 1.5km deep and several tens of kilometers in width; the optical characteristics of the atmosphere mean that the sample is representative of a tube about 200-300km long in the direction of view. The retrievals use temperature analyses from NASA's Goddard Earth Observing System, Version 5 (GEOS-5) data assimilation system as a priori states. The temperature retrievals are somewhat deperrde~zt on these a priori states, especially in the lower stratosphere. An important part of the validation of any new dataset involves comparison with other, independent datasets. A large part of this study is concerned with such comparisons, using a number of independent space-based measurements obtained using different techniques, and with meteorological analyses. The MLS temperature data are shown to have biases that vary with height, but also depend on the validation dataset. MLS data are apparently biased slightly cold relative to correlative data in the upper troposphere and slightly warm in the middle stratosphere. A warm MLS bias in the upper stratosphere may be due to a cold bias in GEOS-5 temperatures.read more
Citations
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The Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2)
Ronald Gelaro,Will McCarty,Max J. Suarez,Max J. Suarez,Ricardo Todling,Andrea Molod,Lawrence L. Takacs,Cynthia A. Randles,Cynthia A. Randles,Anton Darmenov,Michael G. Bosilovich,Rolf H. Reichle,Krzysztof Wargan,Lawrence Coy,Richard I. Cullather,Richard I. Cullather,Clara S. Draper,Clara S. Draper,Santha Akella,V. Buchard,V. Buchard,Austin Conaty,Arlindo da Silva,Wei Gu,Gi-Kong Kim,Randal D. Koster,Robert A. Lucchesi,Dagmar Merkova,J. E. Nielsen,Gary Partyka,Steven Pawson,William M. Putman,Michele M. Rienecker,Siegfried D. Schubert,Meta Sienkiewicz,Bin Zhao,Bin Zhao +36 more
TL;DR: An overview of the MERRA-2 system and various performance metrics is provided, including the assimilation of aerosol observations, several improvements to the representation of the stratosphere including ozone, and improved representations of cryospheric processes.
The Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE): Mission Overview
TL;DR: ACE as discussed by the authors is a Canadian satellite mission that will provide measurements leading to an improved understanding of the chemical and dynamical processes that control the distribution of ozone in the stratosphere, including a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, a UV/visible/near IR spectrograph and a two-channel solar imager.
Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of the quality of the Version 1.07 temperature‐versus‐pressure profiles of the middle atmosphere from TIMED/SABER
Ellis E. Remsberg,B. T. Marshall,Maya García-Comas,David A. Krueger,Gretchen Lingenfelser,J. Martin-Torres,Martin G. Mlynczak,James M. Russell,Anne K. Smith,Y. Zhao,C. W. Brown,Larry L. Gordley,M. J. López-González,Manuel López-Puertas,C. Y. She,Michael J. Taylor,R. E. Thompson +16 more
TL;DR: In this article, the quality of the retrieved temperature-versus-pressure (or T(p)) profiles is described for the middle atmosphere for the publicly available Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) Version 1.07 (V1.07) data set.
Journal ArticleDOI
Aura Microwave Limb Sounder Observations of Dynamics and Transport During the Record-Breaking 2009 Arctic Stratospheric Major Warming
Gloria L. Manney,Gloria L. Manney,Michael J. Schwartz,Kirstin Krüger,Michelle L. Santee,Steven Pawson,Jae N. Lee,William H. Daffer,R. A. Fuller,Nathaniel J. Livesey +9 more
TL;DR: A major stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) in January 2009 was the strongest and most prolonged on record as discussed by the authors, and the 2009 SSW had a more profound impact on the lower stratosphere than any previously observed SSW, with no significant recovery of the vortex in that region.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evaluation of cloud and water vapor simulations in CMIP5 climate models using NASA “A-Train” satellite observations
Jonathan H. Jiang,Hui Su,Chengxing Zhai,V. S. Perun,Anthony D. Del Genio,Larissa Nazarenko,Leo J. Donner,Larry W. Horowitz,Charles J. Seman,Jason N. S. Cole,Andrew Gettelman,Mark A. Ringer,Leon D. Rotstayn,Stephen Jeffrey,Tongwen Wu,Florent Brient,Jean-Louis Dufresne,Hideaki Kawai,Tsuyoshi Koshiro,Masahiro Watanabe,Tristan L'Ecuyer,Evgeny Volodin,Trond Iversen,Helge Drange,Michel D. S. Mesquita,William G. Read,Joe W. Waters,Baijun Tian,João Paulo Teixeira,Graeme L. Stephens +29 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate the accuracy of cloud water content (CWC) and water vapor mixing ratio (H2O) outputs from 19 climate models submitted to the Phase 5 of Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5), and assess improvements relative to their counterparts for the earlier CMIP3.
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